THE SPECIALITY OF KATLA VOLCANO
Katla volcano, located near the southern tip of Iceland’s eastern volcanic zone, is hidden beneath the Myrdalsjökull ice cap. Katla is one of Iceland’s most active and dangerous volcanoes, famous for its large eruptions that occur on average every 50-100 years, causing devastating glacial outbursts (jökullhlaups).
In recent years, Katla’s increased seismicity and inflation have been measured. Katla, statistically due to erupt again, is being monitored very closely and an eruption in the not too distant future would not be a big surprise.
WHAT JÖKULHLAUPS ARE?
A jökulhlaup is a type of glacier outburst flood. It is an Icelandic term that has been adopted in glaciological terminology in many languages. It originally referred to the well-known subglacial flash floods of Vatnajökull, Iceland, which are triggered by geothermal heating and occasionally by a subglacial volcanic eruption, but is now used to describe any large and abrupt release of water.
Earthquake activity recorded from 1 January, 1997, to 1 January, 2008, in Eyjafjallajo ̈kull and Katla. Contoursdepict the cumulative seismic moment per square kilometre for the period.
Map of the Katla volcanic system showing the caldera outline with a hatched line, the central volcano with a solid outline, and the fissure swarm with a dashed line.
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