Lluvia ácida: ¿qué es?
El agua pura se considera una sustancia neutra con un pH de 7. Cuando está limpia, (no contaminada) el agua de lluvia es ligeramente ácida con un pH de 5,6. La lluvia ácida se refiere a cualquier forma de precipitación con un pH inferior a 5,6. Por lo general, el pH de la lluvia ácida está entre 2 y 4,5.
¿Por qué existe la lluvia ácida?
La principal causa de la lluvia ácida es la contaminación del aire. Una parte del gas del aire se diluye en las gotas de lluvia y produce ácido. El CO2 o carbono se transforma así en ácido carbónico, y su presencia en el agua de lluvia es natural. Este fenómeno explica la ligera acidez de la lluvia en comparación con el agua.
Hablemos de las reacciones químicas
Muchas actividades humanas dependen de combustibles fósiles. Por ejemplo, las fábricas de carbón queman combustibles fósiles, al igual que los motores de gasolina de los coches. La quema de combustibles fósiles emite muchos gases. Dos de estos gases son el dióxido de azufre (SO2) y los óxidos de nitrógeno (NOx). También hay fuentes naturales de estos gases, como los volcanes.
Cuando estos gases se combinan con el agua y el oxígeno de la atmósfera, producen los ácidos sulfúrico, nítrico y nitroso.
La reacción química del dióxido de azufre con el agua y el oxígeno para formar ácido sulfúrico (©2020 Let’s Talk Science).
La reacción química del óxido nítrico con el agua y el oxígeno para formar ácido nítrico y ácido nitroso (©2020 Let’s Talk Science).
Esto puede tener dos resultados. Estos ácidos pueden ser eliminados de la atmósfera por deposición húmeda, lo que significa que vuelven a caer con las precipitaciones, por ejemplo en forma de lluvia o nieve. También pueden ser eliminados de la atmósfera por deposición seca, es decir, en forma de gas o polvo.
¿La acidificación de las aguas provoca la erosión de la biodiversidad?
El índice de Shannon (H’) se utiliza para evaluar la biodiversidad de un entorno. Cuanto mayor sea el valor de este índice, mayor será la biodiversidad.
El gráfico de al lado muestra el índice de Shannon aplicado a los macroinvertebrados bentónicos (invertebrados que viven en el fondo de los cursos de agua) en función de la acidez de un curso de agua. Podemos ver aquí que cuanto menor es el pH del curso de agua, menor es la biodiversidad (Gerold, 2010).
Del mismo modo, cuanto mayor sea la concentración de aluminio, menor será la biodiversidad. Por último, cuanto menor sea la concentración de calcio o magnesio, menor será la biodiversidad.
Un río o lago acidificado, por tanto, tiene una baja diversidad biológica.
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Anne Fornier2021-10-05 10:51:342021-10-05 12:04:45VOLCANO FOUNDATION EN ABC.ES
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Anne Fornier2021-09-23 10:34:322021-10-06 16:55:31LA ERUPCIÓN DE LA PALMA DESTROYE CASAS, DESPLAZA A 6 500 PERSONAS
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Anne Fornier2021-09-10 15:32:432021-10-06 16:53:06COLABORACIÓN CON CRIHU ASOCIACIÓN
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Anne Fornier2021-08-23 09:39:582021-10-06 16:52:43UN NUEVO VOLCÁN ESTÁ SURGIENDO EN MAYOTTE DESDE MAYO DE 2019
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Anne Fornier2021-08-09 08:00:322021-10-06 16:52:31TOP 5 DE LAS CIUDADES CONSTRUIDAS SOBRE VOLCANES.
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Anne Fornier2021-08-04 09:35:562021-10-06 16:52:24TRES DESASTRES RECIENTES QUE HAN SIDO EVITADOS
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Anne Fornier2021-07-26 09:32:292021-10-06 16:52:16VOLCANOLOGIA PARA LA SOCIEDAD
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Anne Fornier2021-07-19 12:45:242021-10-06 16:52:05EL RIFT DE ÁFRICA ORIENTAL Y SU DESGARRO A ESCALA LITOSFÉRICA
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Anne Fornier2021-07-13 08:40:452021-10-06 16:51:37UN «ACCIDENTE DE PERFORACIÓN» AL NACIMIENTO DE UN VOLCÁN DE LODO
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Anne Fornier2020-09-29 16:07:382021-10-06 16:46:42¿POR QUÉ EXISTE LA FUNDACIÓN VOLCANO ACTIVE?
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Anne Fornier
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Anne Fornier2020-02-28 14:10:352021-10-06 16:46:35GEOASTROLAB -PROYECTO DE LABORATORIO DE GEOCIENCIA Y ASTRONOMÍA
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Anne Fornier
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Anne Fornier2019-12-08 12:32:012021-10-06 16:46:27EL DESPERTAR DEL SUPERVOLCANO NEAPOLITANO SERÍA UNA CATÁSTROFE
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Anne Fornier
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Anne Fornier2019-11-18 16:22:482021-10-06 16:46:19ENTREVISTA DE ALEXANDRE DEL VALLE A ANNE FORNIER
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Anne Fornier
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Anne Fornier2019-11-12 15:08:322021-10-06 16:46:12SERIE DE DOCUMENTALES PARA EDUCAR AL MUNDO
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1046
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Anne Fornier
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Anne Fornier2019-09-09 15:00:002021-10-06 16:46:04ENTREVISTA A ANNE FORNIER EN JET8
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1485
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Anne Fornier
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Anne Fornier2019-09-09 14:24:052021-10-06 16:45:48LA FUNDACIÓN EN MÉXICO
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698
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Anne Fornier
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Anne Fornier2019-08-22 08:32:462021-10-06 16:45:36¿CÓMO LE AFECTA UNA ERUPCIÓN VOLCÁNICA?
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Anne Fornier
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Anne Fornier2019-08-06 11:19:122021-10-06 16:45:26ERUPCIÓN DEL VOLCÁN UBINAS MÁS DE 10 000 PERSONAS AFECTADAS
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1466
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Anne Fornier
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Anne Fornier2019-08-05 15:16:332021-10-06 16:44:58LA FUNDACIÓN EN LE DAUPHINÉ LIBÉRÉ
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1592
1980
Anne Fornier
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Anne Fornier2019-08-05 14:33:232021-10-06 16:44:50LA FUNDACIÓN EN LESSOR SAVOYARD
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Anne Fornier
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Anne Fornier2019-06-11 15:34:472021-10-06 16:44:27EL TEIDE FORMA PARTE DE UN SISTEMA VOLCÁNICO ACTIVO
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1531
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Anne Fornier
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Anne Fornier2019-06-11 08:27:342021-10-06 16:25:16ERUPCIÓN DEL SINABUNG
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515
1030
Anne Fornier
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Anne Fornier2019-06-04 14:55:072021-10-06 16:25:07LA ERUPCIÓN DE YELLOWSTONE PODRÍA CAUSAR EL FIN DE LA HUMANIDAD
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578
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Anne Fornier
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Anne Fornier2019-05-27 16:05:142021-10-06 16:25:01CUANDO LA TIERRA DESPIERTA SU CINTURÓN DE FUEGO
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Anne Fornier
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Anne Fornier2019-05-07 16:01:022021-10-06 16:16:27LA FUNDACIÓN en RADIO OLOT
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Anne Fornier
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Anne Fornier2019-05-02 10:51:282021-10-06 16:16:03VOLCANO SCHOOL EN OLOT
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628
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Anne Fornier
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Anne Fornier2019-05-02 08:14:052021-10-06 16:15:50LA FUNDACIÓN Y VOLCANO SCHOOL EN IBERIAN PRESS
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739
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Anne Fornier
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Anne Fornier2019-05-02 08:00:432021-10-06 16:15:40LA FUNDACIÓN Y LA VOLCANO SCHOOL EN EL GARROTXI
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815
1900
Anne Fornier
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Anne Fornier2019-04-26 07:52:482021-10-06 16:14:36TE ACERCO A MI VOLCAN
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Anne Fornier
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Anne Fornier2019-04-25 13:31:522021-10-06 16:14:25LA FUNDACIÓN EN EL PUNT AVUI
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Anne Fornier
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Anne Fornier2019-04-24 19:52:562021-10-06 16:14:17PRIMER INTERCAMBIO ESCOLAR SOBRE LOS VOLCANES Y SUS PELIGROS
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Anne Fornier
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Anne Fornier2019-04-24 14:30:112021-10-06 16:14:08ANNE FORNIER: VULCANÓLOGA Y DENUNCIANTE
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Anne Fornier
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Anne Fornier2019-04-09 08:12:012021-10-06 16:12:03LAGOS MORTALES
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Anne Fornier
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Anne Fornier2019-04-04 14:06:182021-10-06 16:11:57EL VOLCÁN PARICUTÍN. SENDEROS E INTERPRETACIÓN.
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Anne Fornier2019-04-04 14:04:492021-10-06 16:11:50LAS SIETE LUMINARIAS. CRÁTERES ENTRE PUEBLOS.
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Anne Fornier2019-04-04 12:47:462021-10-06 16:11:42RED INTERNACIONAL DE GUIAS EN VOLCANES
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Anne Fornier
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Anne Fornier2019-04-03 16:24:092021-10-06 16:11:37RIESGOS NATURALES EN GOMA Y PUEBLOS VECINOS
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Anne Fornier
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Anne Fornier2019-04-03 15:48:212021-10-06 16:11:27Influencia de la dinámica de las fuentes de humedad y de los patrones meteorológicos en las proporciones de isótopos estables de las precipitaciones en África central y oriental
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Anne Fornier
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Anne Fornier2019-02-19 12:12:172021-10-06 16:11:14VEI: ¿CÓMO SE CALIFICA LA FUERZA DE UNA ERUPCIÓN?
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Anne Fornier2019-02-18 17:07:142021-10-06 16:10:58CAMPI FLEGREI, UNA BOMBA DE RELOJERÍA
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Anne Fornier
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Anne Fornier2019-01-23 11:03:272021-10-06 16:10:38¿CÓMO NACE UN VOLCÁN? LA HISTORIA DEL PARICUTÍN
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Anne Fornier2019-01-16 10:52:182021-09-16 10:19:46¿PODRÍA PROVOCAR UN TSUNAMI EL ETNA?
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Anne Fornier2018-12-20 12:40:492021-10-06 16:09:47LA FERTILIDAD DE LOS VOLCANES
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Anne Fornier
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Anne Fornier2018-12-20 11:56:112021-10-06 16:09:33LO QUE SABEMOS SOBRE LOS VOLCANES SUBMARINOS
Since 2021 VOLCANO ACTIVE FOUNDATION has been committed to the UN Global Compact corporate responsibility initiative and its principles in the areas of human rights, labour, the environment and anti-corruption.
LA ERUPCIÓN DE LA PALMA DESTROYE CASAS, DESPLAZA A 6 500 PERSONAS