CREAR CONOCIMIENTO DE LOS RIESGOS
¿POR QUÉ NACIÓ LA FUNDACIÓN? >
¿POR QUÉ NACIÓ LA FUNDACIÓN? >
Los desastres no son naturales, se construyen socialmente, por falta de preparación, prevención, trabajo de mitigación, educación y vigilancia. Son riesgos o peligros naturales que impactan en las sociedades vulnerables. El conocimiento ayuda a reducir la vulnerabilidad social y estructural para tener sociedades más resilientes!
Las mediciones de inclinación se utilizan para vigilar los volcanes. Cuando el magma se acumula bajo el suelo, haciendo que la superficie se hinche, la inclinación de las zonas adyacentes suele alejarse del centro del levantamiento. A la inversa, si el suelo se desinfla debido al flujo de magma desde un depósito subterráneo, la pendiente de las zonas adyacentes se inclinará hacia el centro del hundimiento.
Al igual que un nivel de carpintero, un inclinómetro electrónico utiliza un pequeño recipiente lleno de un fluido conductor y una «burbuja» para medir el cambio de pendiente. La pendiente se mide en microrradianes, que es una pequeña fracción de grado.
Extensometers are very sensitive instruments that measure extremely small deformations (changes in shape) of the Earth’s crust. These instruments are so sensitive that they can detect loads on the Earth’s surface due to pressure changes caused by the passage of weather fronts.
Most installed extensometers are of two types, fluid-filled or parallel-plate, and both are buried in boreholes tens of metres below the ground surface. When earthquakes caused by moving magma change the shape of the ground, the borehole in which the strain gauge is installed also changes shape, compressing, stretching or shearing the instrument inside. Fluid-filled models contain small reservoirs of silicone fluid and measure strain as the volume of fluid between the reservoirs changes. The parallel plate types track changes in the spaces between the parallel plates caused by tensor deformation, which are measured as extensions in 3 different horizontal directions.
«Olla» basculante con tubo de agua instalada en 1956 en una bóveda subterránea cerca de la cumbre del volcán Kīlauea. Las ollas están conectadas por tubos y llenas de agua que fluye entre las ollas a medida que la pared se inclina.
Inclinómetro de sondeo bajando en un pozo de 3 m de profundidad en la zona de la Falla Suroeste de Mauna Loa, Hawái.
Instalación de un tensiómetro en el volcán Mauna Kea, en Hawai. Después de bajar el tensiómetro a un agujero perforado a una profundidad adecuada, se añade lechada expansiva para cementar el instrumento a la roca circundante.
VOLCANO ACTIVE FOUNDATION RESPONSABILITY
nº 2195 authorised by the Madrid's Minister of Justice
NIF G67314625
SF Abocados Francesc Macia 7 pl17
08029 Barcelona, Spain
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