In the valley of Santiago and belonging to the volcanic field of Michoacan are the volcanoes called the seven luminaries. The area called "Siete Luminarias" belonging to the Municipality of Valle de Santiago, presents unique physiographic characteristics in the State, consisting of a set of inactive volcanic craters...

Wereport the first δ18Oandδ2H data of Virunga rainfall in the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, situated on the limit between Central and Eastern Africa. The dataset is from 13 rain gauges deployed at Mount Nyiragongo and its surroundings sampled monthly between December 2013 and October 2015. The δ18O and δ2H vary from −6.44 to 6.16‰, and −32.53 to 58.89‰ respectively, and allowed us to define a LMWL of δ2H= 7.60δ18O+16.18. Three main wind directions, i.e. NE, E and SE, were identified in the upper atmosphere corresponding to threemajormoisture source regions. On the contrary, lower atmosphericwinds areweaker in nature and originate mainly from the S and SW, creating a topographically-driven, more local moisture regime. The latter is due to the accumulation in the floor of the rift of water vapor from Lake Kivu forming a layer of isotopically enriched vapor thatmediates the isotope enrichment of the falling raindrops. A strong seasonality is observed in both δ18O and δ2H data, and is primarily driven by combined seasonal and spatial variation in the moisture sources. The δ18O and δ2H seasonality is thus correlated to weather patterns, as the latter control the wet to dry season shifting, and vice versa. The key characteristic of seasonality is the variation of monthly precipitation amounts, since the mean monthly air temperature is nearly constant on an annual scale.

Como en un cuento, el rugido del magma hizo vibrar el sonido, despertando el llamado desde su interior, la tierra se abrió