{"id":16712,"date":"2019-04-03T16:24:09","date_gmt":"2019-04-03T16:24:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/volcanx.cluster031.hosting.ovh.net\/natural-hazards-in-goma-and-the-surrounding-villages-east-african-rift-system\/"},"modified":"2021-09-16T10:41:24","modified_gmt":"2021-09-16T08:41:24","slug":"natural-hazards-in-goma-and-the-surrounding-villages-east-african-rift-system","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/natural-hazards-in-goma-and-the-surrounding-villages-east-african-rift-system\/","title":{"rendered":"RISQUES NATURELS \u00c0 GOMA ET DANS LES VILLAGES VOISINS"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-ktcrssgy-b813543a37921402511099dd73b05197 \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Charles M. Balagizi <\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">a, &#8270;<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> , Marcelino M. Kasereka <\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">a<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> , Emilio Cuoco <\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">b<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> , Marcello Liotta <\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">c<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>R&eacute;sum&eacute; : La ville de Goma et ses villages environnants (R&eacute;publique d&eacute;mocratique du Congo, RDC) font partie des r&eacute;gions les plus dens&eacute;ment peupl&eacute;es du monde fortement touch&eacute;es par les risques volcaniques. En 2002, le volcan Nyiragongo est entr&eacute; en &eacute;ruption, d&eacute;truisant 10 &agrave; 15% de Goma et for&ccedil;ant une &eacute;vacuation massive de la population. Par cons&eacute;quent, les * 1,5 million d&rsquo;habitants de Goma et de Gisenyi (Rwanda) continuent de vivre avec la menace de nouvelles coul&eacute;es de <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LAVE&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Terme g&eacute;n&eacute;ral d&eacute;signant le magma (roche en fusion) qui a fait &eacute;ruption &agrave; la surface de la Terre et qui conserve son int&eacute;grit&eacute; sous forme de masse fluide ou visqueuse, plut&ocirc;t que d&amp;#039;exploser en fragments.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/glossary\/lave-fr\/\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>lave<\/a> et d&rsquo;autres risques &eacute;ruptifs provenant de <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;CE&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Abr&eacute;viation de &amp;quot;l&amp;#039;&egrave;re commune&amp;quot; ou &amp;quot;l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle&amp;quot;. CE se r&eacute;f&egrave;re &agrave; l&amp;#039;ann&eacute;e &eacute;coul&eacute;e depuis le d&eacute;but de l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle dans le calendrier julien ou gr&eacute;gorien, par exemple l&amp;#039;ann&eacute;e civile. L&amp;#039;&egrave;re pr&eacute;c&eacute;dente est appel&eacute;e &amp;quot;Avant l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle&amp;quot; ou BCE.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/glossary\/ce-fr\/\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>ce<\/a> volcan. Le r&eacute;seau actuel de fractures s&rsquo;&eacute;tend du sommet du Nyiragongo &agrave; Goma et se poursuit sous le lac Kivu, <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;CE&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Abr&eacute;viation de &amp;quot;l&amp;#039;&egrave;re commune&amp;quot; ou &amp;quot;l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle&amp;quot;. CE se r&eacute;f&egrave;re &agrave; l&amp;#039;ann&eacute;e &eacute;coul&eacute;e depuis le d&eacute;but de l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle dans le calendrier julien ou gr&eacute;gorien, par exemple l&amp;#039;ann&eacute;e civile. L&amp;#039;&egrave;re pr&eacute;c&eacute;dente est appel&eacute;e &amp;quot;Avant l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle&amp;quot; ou BCE.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/glossary\/ce-fr\/\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>ce<\/a> qui fait craindre qu&rsquo;une &eacute;ruption puisse m&ecirc;me produire une chemin&eacute;e active dans le centre de Goma ou dans le lac. Une &eacute;ruption volcanique sublacustre avec des &eacute;vents au fond du bassin principal et\/ou de la baie de Kabuno du lac Kivu pourrait potentiellement lib&eacute;rer quelque 300 km3 de dioxyde de carbone (CO2) et 60 km3 de m&eacute;thane dissous (CH4) dans ses eaux profondes, <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;CE&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Abr&eacute;viation de &amp;quot;l&amp;#039;&egrave;re commune&amp;quot; ou &amp;quot;l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle&amp;quot;. CE se r&eacute;f&egrave;re &agrave; l&amp;#039;ann&eacute;e &eacute;coul&eacute;e depuis le d&eacute;but de l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle dans le calendrier julien ou gr&eacute;gorien, par exemple l&amp;#039;ann&eacute;e civile. L&amp;#039;&egrave;re pr&eacute;c&eacute;dente est appel&eacute;e &amp;quot;Avant l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle&amp;quot; ou BCE.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/glossary\/ce-fr\/\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>ce<\/a> qui serait catastrophique pour les populations (*2,5 millions de personnes) des rives du lac. Pour l&rsquo;instant, les risques actuels li&eacute;s aux volcans Nyiragongo et Nyamulagira tuent silencieusement des personnes et des animaux, d&eacute;truisent lentement l&rsquo;environnement et nuisent gravement &agrave; la sant&eacute; de la population. Il s&rsquo;agit notamment des mazuku (lieux riches en CO2 o&ugrave; les gens meurent souvent d&rsquo;asphyxie), des eaux de surface et souterraines hautement fluor&eacute;es et d&rsquo;autres dangers n&eacute;glig&eacute;s localement. Le panache de gaz volcanique entra&icirc;ne une mauvaise qualit&eacute; de l&rsquo;air et des pluies acides, qui sont couramment utilis&eacute;es pour l&rsquo;eau potable. &Eacute;tant donn&eacute; le grand nombre de personnes &agrave; risque et le mouvement continu de personnes vers Goma et les villages environnants, il est urgent de proc&eacute;der &agrave; une &eacute;valuation compl&egrave;te des risques naturels dans la r&eacute;gion. Cet article pr&eacute;sente une vue d&rsquo;ensemble des risques naturels dans la r&eacute;gion de Goma.<br>\nr&eacute;gion autour de Goma bas&eacute; sur des enqu&ecirc;tes de terrain, des mesures de CO2 dans le mazuku et des donn&eacute;es chimiques du lac Kivu, des rivi&egrave;res et de l&rsquo;eau de pluie. Les enqu&ecirc;tes de terrain et les ensembles de donn&eacute;es sont utilis&eacute;s avec des informations historiques extr&ecirc;mement riches (1897-2000) et des informations r&eacute;cemment publi&eacute;es sur les volcans Nyiragongo et Nyamulagira et le lac Kivu. Nous pr&eacute;sentons &eacute;galement des cartes de mazuku et de fractures &agrave; Goma, d&eacute;crivons l&rsquo;histoire des &eacute;ruptions volcaniques avec des implications en mati&egrave;re d&rsquo;att&eacute;nuation et d&rsquo;&eacute;valuation des risques, et consid&eacute;rons les r&eacute;alit&eacute;s sociales utiles pour une strat&eacute;gie de gestion int&eacute;gr&eacute;e des risques.<br>\nMots-cl&eacute;s : Volcans Nyiragongo et Nyamulagira Risques li&eacute;s aux coul&eacute;es de <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LAVE&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Terme g&eacute;n&eacute;ral d&eacute;signant le magma (roche en fusion) qui a fait &eacute;ruption &agrave; la surface de la Terre et qui conserve son int&eacute;grit&eacute; sous forme de masse fluide ou visqueuse, plut&ocirc;t que d&amp;#039;exploser en fragments.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/glossary\/lave-fr\/\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>lave<\/a> Risques li&eacute;s aux mazuku Fluorose dentaire Risques li&eacute;s aux cendres et aux gaz volcaniques Stabilit&eacute; du lac Kivu &Eacute;ruption limnique<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"avia-button avia-icon_select-yes-left-icon avia-color-theme-color avia-size-medium avia-position-center\" href=\"https:\/\/science.volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Balagizi-Influence-of-moisture-source-dynamics-and-weather-patterns-on-stable-isotopes-ratios-of-precipitation-in-Central-Eastern-Africa.pdf\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">T&eacute;l&eacute;charger l&rsquo;Article<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><sup><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">a<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> Departamento de Geoqu&iacute;mica y Medio Ambiente, Observatorio Volc&aacute;n Goma, 142, Av. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">du Rond-point, Goma, Rep&uacute;blica Democr&aacute;tica del Congo<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><sup><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">b<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> Universit&agrave; della Campania &ldquo;Luigi Vanvitelli&rdquo;, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italia<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><sup><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">c<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Palermo, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90146 Palermo, Italia<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La ville de Goma et ses villages environnants (RDC) font partie des r&eacute;gions les plus peupl&eacute;es du monde, fortement touch&eacute;es par les risques volcaniques. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":16713,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[330],"tags":[431],"doc_authors":[],"doc_languages":[],"class_list":["post-16712","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tout","tag-virunga-fr"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La ville de Goma et ses villages environnants (RDC) font partie des r\u00e9gions les plus peupl\u00e9es du monde, fortement touch\u00e9es par les risques volcaniques.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" 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