{"id":12701,"date":"2021-08-04T10:14:16","date_gmt":"2021-08-04T08:14:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/volcanx.cluster031.hosting.ovh.net\/?page_id=12701"},"modified":"2021-10-04T19:41:01","modified_gmt":"2021-10-04T17:41:01","slug":"changement-climatique","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/renforcer-la-connaissance-des-risques\/dangers\/changement-climatique\/","title":{"rendered":"CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"av_section_1\" class=\"avia-section av-85tvrm-3e95231a7b3e6eb192907f404f41a286 main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_section  avia-builder-el-first  avia-full-stretch av-parallax-section avia-bg-style-parallax av-minimum-height av-minimum-height-25 av-height-25  container_wrap fullsize\" data-section-bg-repeat=\"stretch\" data-av_minimum_height_pc=\"25\" data-av_min_height_opt=\"25\"><div class=\"av-parallax\" data-avia-parallax-ratio=\"0.3\"><div class=\"av-parallax-inner main_color avia-full-stretch\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"container av-section-cont-open\"><main role=\"main\" itemprop=\"mainContentOfPage\" class=\"template-page content  av-content-full alpha units\"><div class=\"post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-12701\"><div class=\"entry-content-wrapper clearfix\">\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-377mki-891bdcf97286948f143384db57d78c91\">\n.flex_column.av-377mki-891bdcf97286948f143384db57d78c91{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-377mki-891bdcf97286948f143384db57d78c91 av_one_fifth  avia-builder-el-1  el_before_av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  \"><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-44v1oi-4270c45783cf4dfabc2e0046b5bfca7a\">\n.flex_column.av-44v1oi-4270c45783cf4dfabc2e0046b5bfca7a{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-44v1oi-4270c45783cf4dfabc2e0046b5bfca7a av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_one_fifth  el_before_av_one_fifth  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  \"><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-2wneaq-c7141c0f93804d3dc6134a419c02967d\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-2wneaq-c7141c0f93804d3dc6134a419c02967d .avia_textblock{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-2wneaq-c7141c0f93804d3dc6134a419c02967d \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock av_inherit_color\" itemprop=\"text\"><div class=\"h2-cinta-programas\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 2.5em;\">RENFORCER LA CONNAISSANCE DES RISQUES<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section><br>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-2wneaq-34462baf835e0e88628f9f1fcf41a06e \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><p class=\"p-cinta-programas\" style=\"text-align: center; background: #f5312a !important;\">POURQUOI LA FONDATION EST N&Eacute;E ?<span class=\"flecha-donativo\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> &gt;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-377mki-fc3240a24cacc3f72868647236f26abd\">\n.flex_column.av-377mki-fc3240a24cacc3f72868647236f26abd{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-377mki-fc3240a24cacc3f72868647236f26abd av_one_fifth  avia-builder-el-5  el_after_av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-last  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  \"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/main><!-- close content main element --><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-k3yaxsym-b831a12c8acddceb21a18cbb360fd41d\">\n.avia-section.av-k3yaxsym-b831a12c8acddceb21a18cbb360fd41d{\nbackground-color:#000000;\nbackground-image:unset;\n}\n.avia-section.av-k3yaxsym-b831a12c8acddceb21a18cbb360fd41d .av-section-color-overlay{\nopacity:0.9;\nbackground-color:#000000;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id=\"av_section_2\" class=\"avia-section av-k3yaxsym-b831a12c8acddceb21a18cbb360fd41d main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_one_half  avia-bg-style-fixed av-section-color-overlay-active container_wrap fullsize\"><div class=\"av-section-color-overlay-wrap\"><div class=\"av-section-color-overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"container av-section-cont-open\"><div class=\"template-page content  av-content-full alpha units\"><div class=\"post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-12701\"><div class=\"entry-content-wrapper clearfix\">\n<div class=\"flex_column_table av-a5p0bb-0286912bb6bfb93801b9fa33860921b2 sc-av_one_full av-equal-height-column-flextable\">\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-a5p0bb-0286912bb6bfb93801b9fa33860921b2\">\n.flex_column.av-a5p0bb-0286912bb6bfb93801b9fa33860921b2{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-a5p0bb-0286912bb6bfb93801b9fa33860921b2 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-7  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-middle av-zero-column-padding  \"><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-joihkone-69e81b3ac324ed7c1268b0d71e700013\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-joihkone-69e81b3ac324ed7c1268b0d71e700013 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:18px;\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n\n@media only screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 989px){ \n#top .av_textblock_section.av-joihkone-69e81b3ac324ed7c1268b0d71e700013 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:16px;\n}\n}\n\n@media only screen and (min-width: 480px) and (max-width: 767px){ \n#top .av_textblock_section.av-joihkone-69e81b3ac324ed7c1268b0d71e700013 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:16px;\n}\n}\n\n@media only screen and (max-width: 479px){ \n#top .av_textblock_section.av-joihkone-69e81b3ac324ed7c1268b0d71e700013 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:16px;\n}\n}\n<\/style>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-joihkone-69e81b3ac324ed7c1268b0d71e700013 \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock av_inherit_color\" itemprop=\"text\"><blockquote>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.undrr.org\"><strong>LES DISASTERS NE SONT PAS NATURELS<\/strong><\/a>, ils sont construits socialement, par manque de pr&eacute;paration, de pr&eacute;vention, de travail d&rsquo;att&eacute;nuation, d&rsquo;&eacute;ducation et de suivi. <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;CE&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Abr&eacute;viation de &amp;quot;l&amp;#039;&egrave;re commune&amp;quot; ou &amp;quot;l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle&amp;quot;. CE se r&eacute;f&egrave;re &agrave; l&amp;#039;ann&eacute;e &eacute;coul&eacute;e depuis le d&eacute;but de l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle dans le calendrier julien ou gr&eacute;gorien, par exemple l&amp;#039;ann&eacute;e civile. L&amp;#039;&egrave;re pr&eacute;c&eacute;dente est appel&eacute;e &amp;quot;Avant l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle&amp;quot; ou BCE.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/glossary\/ce-fr\/\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>Ce<\/a> sont des risques ou des dangers naturels qui ont un impact sur les soci&eacute;t&eacute;s vuln&eacute;rables. Les connaissances aident &agrave; <strong>r&eacute;duire la vuln&eacute;rabilit&eacute; sociale<\/strong> et <strong>structurale<\/strong> afin d&rsquo;avoir des soci&eacute;t&eacute;s plus <strong>r&eacute;silientes<\/strong>!<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 --><\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"after_section_2\" class=\"main_color av_default_container_wrap container_wrap fullsize\"><div class=\"container av-section-cont-open\"><div class=\"template-page content  av-content-full alpha units\"><div class=\"post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-12701\"><div class=\"entry-content-wrapper clearfix\">\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1wlhzr6-8cc129343b9618e21784b665a1361b31\">\n.flex_column.av-1wlhzr6-8cc129343b9618e21784b665a1361b31{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-1wlhzr6-8cc129343b9618e21784b665a1361b31 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-9  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_one_half  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  \"><section class=\"av_textblock_section av-kqt9jd5e-cd33964ef4e3b772df7fef522b816d29 \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><h2>Les volcans peuvent avoir un impact sur le climat<\/h2>\n<p>Les volcans peuvent avoir un impact sur le changement climatique. Lors des &eacute;ruptions explosives majeures, d&rsquo;&eacute;normes quantit&eacute;s de gaz volcaniques, de gouttelettes d&rsquo;a&eacute;rosol et de cendres sont inject&eacute;es dans la stratosph&egrave;re. Les cendres inject&eacute;es tombent rapidement de la stratosph&egrave;re &ndash; la plupart sont &eacute;limin&eacute;es en quelques jours ou semaines &ndash; et ont peu d&rsquo;impact sur le changement climatique. Mais les gaz volcaniques comme le dioxyde de soufre peuvent provoquer un refroidissement de la plan&egrave;te, tandis que le dioxyde de carbone volcanique, un gaz &agrave; effet de serre, peut favoriser le r&eacute;chauffement de la plan&egrave;te.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kqt9ln1w-f6affe7cdeee6be02fc225bbc4bc5689\">\n#top .hr.av-kqt9ln1w-f6affe7cdeee6be02fc225bbc4bc5689{\nmargin-top:15px;\nmargin-bottom:15px;\n}\n.hr.av-kqt9ln1w-f6affe7cdeee6be02fc225bbc4bc5689 .hr-inner{\nwidth:100%;\nborder-color:#d8d8d8;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hr av-kqt9ln1w-f6affe7cdeee6be02fc225bbc4bc5689 hr-custom  avia-builder-el-11  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock  hr-center hr-icon-no\"><span class=\"hr-inner inner-border-av-border-thin\"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-kqt9tgn4-955ae44a3b12f5f76d41e08b4c147261 \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><h3>Les a&eacute;rosols sulfat&eacute;s peuvent refroidir le climat et appauvrir la couche d&rsquo;ozone de la Terre<\/h3>\n<p>Les impacts climatiques les plus importants des injections volcaniques dans la stratosph&egrave;re proviennent de la conversion du dioxyde de soufre en acide sulfurique, qui se condense rapidement dans la stratosph&egrave;re pour former de fins a&eacute;rosols de sulfate. Ces a&eacute;rosols augmentent la r&eacute;flexion du rayonnement solaire dans l&rsquo;espace, <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;CE&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Abr&eacute;viation de &amp;quot;l&amp;#039;&egrave;re commune&amp;quot; ou &amp;quot;l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle&amp;quot;. CE se r&eacute;f&egrave;re &agrave; l&amp;#039;ann&eacute;e &eacute;coul&eacute;e depuis le d&eacute;but de l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle dans le calendrier julien ou gr&eacute;gorien, par exemple l&amp;#039;ann&eacute;e civile. L&amp;#039;&egrave;re pr&eacute;c&eacute;dente est appel&eacute;e &amp;quot;Avant l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle&amp;quot; ou BCE.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/glossary\/ce-fr\/\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>ce<\/a> qui refroidit la basse atmosph&egrave;re ou troposph&egrave;re de la Terre.<\/p>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-2czc5rv-9534e58c1cc69000c13562dfbd65c24d\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-2czc5rv-9534e58c1cc69000c13562dfbd65c24d{\nheight:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hr av-2czc5rv-9534e58c1cc69000c13562dfbd65c24d hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-13  avia-builder-el-no-sibling \"><span class=\"hr-inner \"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div><\/section><br>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kqta1i5b-107d1a9c40127944f7fe3b907c4f1f41\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-kqta1i5b-107d1a9c40127944f7fe3b907c4f1f41{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hr av-kqta1i5b-107d1a9c40127944f7fe3b907c4f1f41 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-14  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last \"><span class=\"hr-inner \"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-4syb7u1-2e782103a5a11106f5050bb03ca2c081\">\n.flex_column.av-4syb7u1-2e782103a5a11106f5050bb03ca2c081{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-4syb7u1-2e782103a5a11106f5050bb03ca2c081 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-15  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_full  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  \"><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kr6ib1mz-fe1087d038b965e9df7a8a7c6edb95ee\">\n.avia-image-container.av-kr6ib1mz-fe1087d038b965e9df7a8a7c6edb95ee img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-kr6ib1mz-fe1087d038b965e9df7a8a7c6edb95ee .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<\/p><div class=\"avia-image-container av-kr6ib1mz-fe1087d038b965e9df7a8a7c6edb95ee av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-16  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first \" itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class=\"wp-image-12708 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-12708 avia_image \" src=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/volcanic-gases-react-atmosphere.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"volcanic-gases-react-atmosphere\" height=\"874\" width=\"1140\" itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/volcanic-gases-react-atmosphere.png 1140w, https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/volcanic-gases-react-atmosphere-300x230.png 300w, https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/volcanic-gases-react-atmosphere-1030x790.png 1030w, https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/volcanic-gases-react-atmosphere-768x589.png 768w, https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/volcanic-gases-react-atmosphere-705x541.png 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1140px) 100vw, 1140px\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-kr6i76jb-4d99ac4ff95732f9d5a32379964de404 \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><p>&lt;\/p style=&nbsp;&raquo;text-align : right ;&nbsp;&raquo;&gt;<em>Les gaz volcaniques r&eacute;agissent avec l&rsquo;atmosph&egrave;re de diverses mani&egrave;res ; la conversion du dioxyde de soufre (SO2) en acide sulfurique (H2SO4a l&rsquo;impact le plus important sur le climat.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-4b7podl-d558ccf1b9e3dec760b5573ff0ebb60d\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-4b7podl-d558ccf1b9e3dec760b5573ff0ebb60d{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hr av-4b7podl-d558ccf1b9e3dec760b5573ff0ebb60d hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-18  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last \"><span class=\"hr-inner \"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-s8js2j-765cda7010803923ba4bc781700c1133\">\n.flex_column.av-s8js2j-765cda7010803923ba4bc781700c1133{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-s8js2j-765cda7010803923ba4bc781700c1133 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-19  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin\"><section class=\"av_textblock_section av-kr6m22qt-0bdcabfbcf4f5e9fecee4356672b8d7a \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><p>Plusieurs &eacute;ruptions survenues au cours du si&egrave;cle dernier ont provoqu&eacute; une baisse de la temp&eacute;rature moyenne &agrave; la surface de la Terre allant jusqu&rsquo;&agrave; un demi-degr&eacute; (&eacute;chelle Fahrenheit) pendant des p&eacute;riodes d&rsquo;un &agrave; trois ans. L&rsquo;&eacute;ruption climatique du mont Pinatubo, le 15 juin 1991, a &eacute;t&eacute; l&rsquo;une des plus grandes &eacute;ruptions du XXe si&egrave;cle et a inject&eacute; un nuage de dioxyde de soufre de 20 millions de tonnes (&eacute;chelle m&eacute;trique) dans la stratosph&egrave;re &agrave; une altitude de plus de 30 km. Le nuage du Pinatubo &eacute;tait le plus grand nuage de dioxyde de soufre jamais observ&eacute; dans la stratosph&egrave;re depuis le d&eacute;but des observations par satellite en 1978. Il a provoqu&eacute; <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;CE&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Abr&eacute;viation de &amp;quot;l&amp;#039;&egrave;re commune&amp;quot; ou &amp;quot;l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle&amp;quot;. CE se r&eacute;f&egrave;re &agrave; l&amp;#039;ann&eacute;e &eacute;coul&eacute;e depuis le d&eacute;but de l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle dans le calendrier julien ou gr&eacute;gorien, par exemple l&amp;#039;ann&eacute;e civile. L&amp;#039;&egrave;re pr&eacute;c&eacute;dente est appel&eacute;e &amp;quot;Avant l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle&amp;quot; ou BCE.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/glossary\/ce-fr\/\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>ce<\/a> que l&rsquo;on pense &ecirc;tre la plus grande perturbation a&eacute;rosol de la stratosph&egrave;re du vingti&egrave;me si&egrave;cle, bien qu&rsquo;elle soit probablement inf&eacute;rieure aux perturbations provoqu&eacute;es par les &eacute;ruptions du Krakatau en 1883 et du Tambora en 1815. Par cons&eacute;quent, elle s&rsquo;est distingu&eacute;e par son impact climatique et a refroidi la surface de la Terre pendant les trois ann&eacute;es qui ont suivi l&rsquo;&eacute;ruption, jusqu&rsquo;&agrave; 1,3 degr&eacute; F au plus fort de l&rsquo;impact.<\/p>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1y586zf-8398c0cb4ba159646844a2a723206b3a\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-1y586zf-8398c0cb4ba159646844a2a723206b3a{\nheight:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hr av-1y586zf-8398c0cb4ba159646844a2a723206b3a hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-21  avia-builder-el-no-sibling \"><span class=\"hr-inner \"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p>L&rsquo;importante &eacute;ruption de la <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;FISSURE&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;En g&eacute;ologie, une fissure est une fracture ou une fissure dans la roche le long de laquelle il y a une s&eacute;paration distincte ; les fissures sont souvent remplies de mat&eacute;riaux min&eacute;raux. Sur les volcans, une fissure est une fracture allong&eacute;e ou une fissure &agrave; la surface d&amp;#039;o&ugrave; la lave &eacute;clate. Les &eacute;ruptions de fisuration diminuent g&eacute;n&eacute;ralement jusqu&amp;#039;&agrave; un &eacute;vent central apr&egrave;s une p&eacute;riode d&amp;#039;heures ou de jours. &Agrave; l&amp;#039;occasion, la lave se renverse dans le sol en se d&eacute;versant dans une fissure ou une fissure &eacute;ruptive ouverte, un processus appel&eacute; drainage ; parfois, la lave se d&eacute;verse dans la m&ecirc;me fissure d&amp;#039;o&ugrave; elle a &eacute;clat&eacute;.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/glossary\/fissure-fr\/\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>fissure<\/a> du Laki en Islande (1783-1784) a lib&eacute;r&eacute; une quantit&eacute; de dioxyde de soufre bien plus importante que celle du Pinatubo (environ 120 millions de tonnes contre 20). Bien que les deux &eacute;ruptions aient &eacute;t&eacute; sensiblement diff&eacute;rentes en termes de dur&eacute;e et de style, le SO2 atmosph&eacute;rique suppl&eacute;mentaire a provoqu&eacute; un refroidissement r&eacute;gional de l&rsquo;Europe et de l&rsquo;Am&eacute;rique du Nord dans des proportions similaires pendant des p&eacute;riodes similaires.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-40ljj61-7d15744f81def97a37c1d330a5cbf253\">\n.flex_column.av-40ljj61-7d15744f81def97a37c1d330a5cbf253{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-40ljj61-7d15744f81def97a37c1d330a5cbf253 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-22  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin\"><section class=\"av_textblock_section av-kr6idive-07796dbcb0509cd18991f12f1974244e \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><h2>Les volcans de la Terre &eacute;mettent-ils plus de CO2 que les activit&eacute;s humaines ? Non.<\/h2>\n<p>Le dioxyde de carbone (CO2) est un gaz &agrave; effet de serre et le principal gaz incrimin&eacute; dans le changement climatique. Si le dioxyde de soufre lib&eacute;r&eacute; lors d&rsquo;&eacute;ruptions volcaniques contemporaines a occasionnellement provoqu&eacute; un refroidissement global d&eacute;tectable de la basse atmosph&egrave;re, le dioxyde de carbone lib&eacute;r&eacute; lors d&rsquo;&eacute;ruptions volcaniques contemporaines n&rsquo;a jamais provoqu&eacute; de r&eacute;chauffement global d&eacute;tectable de l&rsquo;atmosph&egrave;re. En 2010, les activit&eacute;s humaines &eacute;taient responsables d&rsquo;environ 35 milliards de tonnes m&eacute;triques (gigatonnes) d&rsquo;&eacute;missions de CO2. Toutes les &eacute;tudes men&eacute;es &agrave; <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;CE&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Abr&eacute;viation de &amp;quot;l&amp;#039;&egrave;re commune&amp;quot; ou &amp;quot;l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle&amp;quot;. CE se r&eacute;f&egrave;re &agrave; l&amp;#039;ann&eacute;e &eacute;coul&eacute;e depuis le d&eacute;but de l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle dans le calendrier julien ou gr&eacute;gorien, par exemple l&amp;#039;ann&eacute;e civile. L&amp;#039;&egrave;re pr&eacute;c&eacute;dente est appel&eacute;e &amp;quot;Avant l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle&amp;quot; ou BCE.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/glossary\/ce-fr\/\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>ce<\/a> jour sur les &eacute;missions mondiales de dioxyde de carbone d&rsquo;origine volcanique indiquent que les volcans suba&eacute;riens et sous-marins actuels lib&egrave;rent moins d&rsquo;un pour cent du dioxyde de carbone &eacute;mis actuellement par les activit&eacute;s humaines. Bien qu&rsquo;il ait &eacute;t&eacute; propos&eacute; que les &eacute;missions volcaniques intenses de dioxyde de carbone dans les profondeurs du pass&eacute; g&eacute;ologique aient provoqu&eacute; un r&eacute;chauffement de la plan&egrave;te, et peut-&ecirc;tre m&ecirc;me des extinctions massives, il s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;un sujet de d&eacute;bat scientifique &agrave; l&rsquo;heure actuelle.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-28ffiuh-89c023858b6774d5b410d384c2eb13fe\">\n.flex_column.av-28ffiuh-89c023858b6774d5b410d384c2eb13fe{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-28ffiuh-89c023858b6774d5b410d384c2eb13fe av_one_half  avia-builder-el-24  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_full  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin\"><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1rki8rt-dac62eed55a241ec6514331fa4e7c024\">\n.avia-image-container.av-1rki8rt-dac62eed55a241ec6514331fa4e7c024 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-1rki8rt-dac62eed55a241ec6514331fa4e7c024 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<\/p><div class=\"avia-image-container av-1rki8rt-dac62eed55a241ec6514331fa4e7c024 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-25  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first \" itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class=\"wp-image-12713 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-12713 avia_image \" src=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/eruption-mount-pinatubo-1991.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"eruption-mount-pinatubo-1991\" height=\"234\" width=\"350\" itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/eruption-mount-pinatubo-1991.jpg 350w, https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/eruption-mount-pinatubo-1991-300x201.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-ktrft5-5d6deb4918e757b5f22b7d75fb4dc8ec \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>La <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;COLONNE D&amp;rsquo;&Eacute;RUPTION&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;La partie verticale ascendante de la masse de d&eacute;bris en &eacute;ruption et de gaz volcanique qui s&amp;#039;&eacute;l&egrave;ve directement au-dessus d&amp;#039;un &eacute;vent volcanique.&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/glossary\/colonne-eruption-fr\/\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">colonne d&rsquo;&eacute;ruption<\/a> du 12 juin 1991 du mont Pinatubo prise depuis le c&ocirc;t&eacute; est de la base a&eacute;rienne de Clark.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-17kvlvt-8bad000a6fd4326ecf00bb90657344d8\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-17kvlvt-8bad000a6fd4326ecf00bb90657344d8{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hr av-17kvlvt-8bad000a6fd4326ecf00bb90657344d8 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-27  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last \"><span class=\"hr-inner \"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-sodwq8-5ae05c90d4a40f1187f37c8f84f0c3f3\">\n.flex_column.av-sodwq8-5ae05c90d4a40f1187f37c8f84f0c3f3{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-sodwq8-5ae05c90d4a40f1187f37c8f84f0c3f3 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-28  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_full  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin\"><section class=\"av_textblock_section av-kr6lajxb-0d3a9ea424224b6152a6f95282938c7e \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><p>Les estimations scientifiques publi&eacute;es du taux d&rsquo;<a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;&Eacute;MISSION&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;La lib&eacute;ration de gaz volcaniques par la terre, qui s&amp;#039;&eacute;chappent dans l&amp;#039;atmosph&egrave;re.&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/glossary\/emission-fr\/\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&eacute;mission<\/a> global de CO2 pour tous les volcans suba&eacute;riens (sur terre) et sous-marins d&eacute;gaz&eacute;s se situent dans une fourchette de 0,13 gigaton &agrave; 0,44 gigaton par an. Les 35 gigatonnes d&rsquo;&eacute;missions anthropiques de CO2 pr&eacute;vues pour 2010 sont environ 80 &agrave; 270 fois plus importantes que les estimations maximales et minimales respectives des &eacute;missions volcaniques mondiales de CO2.<\/p>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-648igr-b096078d1b4b82208a3cc2b0b683083d\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-648igr-b096078d1b4b82208a3cc2b0b683083d{\nheight:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hr av-648igr-b096078d1b4b82208a3cc2b0b683083d hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-30  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first \"><span class=\"hr-inner \"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p>Il ne fait aucun doute que les tr&egrave;s grandes &eacute;ruptions volcaniques peuvent injecter des quantit&eacute;s importantes de dioxyde de carbone dans l&rsquo;atmosph&egrave;re. L&rsquo;&eacute;ruption du mont Saint Helens en 1980 a lib&eacute;r&eacute; environ 10 millions de tonnes de CO2 dans l&rsquo;atmosph&egrave;re en seulement 9 heures. Or, il ne faut actuellement &agrave; l&rsquo;humanit&eacute; que 2,5 heures pour rejeter la m&ecirc;me quantit&eacute;. Alors que les grandes &eacute;ruptions explosives comme celle-ci sont rares et ne se produisent &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;chelle mondiale que tous les 10 ans environ, les &eacute;missions de l&rsquo;humanit&eacute; sont incessantes et augmentent chaque ann&eacute;e.<\/p>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-151wkqj-9bbe1dd91e9014edd45c994d4872c2b3\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-151wkqj-9bbe1dd91e9014edd45c994d4872c2b3{\nheight:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hr av-151wkqj-9bbe1dd91e9014edd45c994d4872c2b3 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-31  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_hr \"><span class=\"hr-inner \"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p>Des efforts continuent d&rsquo;&ecirc;tre d&eacute;ploy&eacute;s pour r&eacute;duire les incertitudes et am&eacute;liorer les estimations des &eacute;missions de CO2 volcaniques mondiales actuelles, mais les scientifiques sp&eacute;cialistes des gaz volcaniques ne doutent gu&egrave;re que les &eacute;missions de CO2 anthropiques &eacute;clipsent les &eacute;missions de CO2 volcaniques mondiales.<\/p>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-tqb7zv-9b53a6639a30a0e184c4fd1b76ccf8c3\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-tqb7zv-9b53a6639a30a0e184c4fd1b76ccf8c3{\nheight:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hr av-tqb7zv-9b53a6639a30a0e184c4fd1b76ccf8c3 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-32  el_after_av_hr  avia-builder-el-last \"><span class=\"hr-inner \"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p>Pour de plus amples informations sur <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;CE&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Abr&eacute;viation de &amp;quot;l&amp;#039;&egrave;re commune&amp;quot; ou &amp;quot;l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle&amp;quot;. CE se r&eacute;f&egrave;re &agrave; l&amp;#039;ann&eacute;e &eacute;coul&eacute;e depuis le d&eacute;but de l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle dans le calendrier julien ou gr&eacute;gorien, par exemple l&amp;#039;ann&eacute;e civile. L&amp;#039;&egrave;re pr&eacute;c&eacute;dente est appel&eacute;e &amp;quot;Avant l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle&amp;quot; ou BCE.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/glossary\/ce-fr\/\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>ce<\/a> sujet, veuillez lire l&rsquo;article Eos de l&rsquo;American Geophysical Union intitul&eacute; &laquo;&nbsp;Volcanic Versus Anthropogenic Carbon Dioxide&nbsp;&raquo; &eacute;crit par le scientifique de l&rsquo;USGS Terrence M. Gerlach.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-snwrg0-a0516b7754c224557f049603b3a431cb\">\n.flex_column.av-snwrg0-a0516b7754c224557f049603b3a431cb{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-snwrg0-a0516b7754c224557f049603b3a431cb av_one_full  avia-builder-el-33  el_after_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-last  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin\"><section class=\"av_textblock_section av-kr6lc7kn-8447ba711fabcae21f6ed842284a9265 \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><table class=\"table table-striped\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Yearly CO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;emitters<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Billion metric tons per year (Gt\/y)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Global volcanic emissions (highest preferred estimate)<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;0.26<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Anthropogenic CO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;from fuel combustion 2015<sup>+<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>32.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Worldwide Road Transportation 2015<sup>+<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;&nbsp;5.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Approximately 24 1000-megawatt coal-fired power stations&nbsp;*<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;0.22<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Argentina 2015<sup>+<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;0.19<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Poland 2015<sup>+<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;0.28<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>United States 2015<sup>+<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.99<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div><\/section><br>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_hr-443aed21c6ac9dff11e07fc6bbec5ef9\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-av_hr-443aed21c6ac9dff11e07fc6bbec5ef9{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hr av-av_hr-443aed21c6ac9dff11e07fc6bbec5ef9 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-35  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock \"><span class=\"hr-inner \"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-kr6ltla0-6ba6214b14e9dedb8b4ef33cf2021836 \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><table class=\"table table-striped\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>CO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;emission&nbsp;events<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Mount St. Helens, 18 May 1980<\/td>\n<td>0.01 Gt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Mount Pinatubo, 15 June 1991<\/td>\n<td>0.05 Gt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Number of Pinatubo-equivalent eruptions equal to 2010 global anthropogenic CO<sub>2<\/sub><\/td>\n<td>700<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Number of Mount St. Helens-equivalent eruptions equal to 2010 global anthropogenic CO<sub>2<\/sub><\/td>\n<td>3500<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div><\/section><br>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-kr6lu3mv-2ba78ab38de2a16ee1e70ec12be8308e \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><table class=\"table table-striped\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>2010 global anthropogenic CO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;multiplier (ACM)**<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp; 135<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1950 ACM<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp; &nbsp;38<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1900 ACM<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp; &nbsp;18<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Number of days for anthropogenic CO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;to equal a year&rsquo;s worth of global volcanism<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div><\/section><br>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_hr-443aed21c6ac9dff11e07fc6bbec5ef9\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-av_hr-443aed21c6ac9dff11e07fc6bbec5ef9{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hr av-av_hr-443aed21c6ac9dff11e07fc6bbec5ef9 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-38  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock \"><span class=\"hr-inner \"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-kr6lv3hy-6fd383d6cbdc7042e5cb349f1f6d7c86 \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><p>* &Eacute;quivaut &agrave; 2 % de la capacit&eacute; mondiale de production d&rsquo;&eacute;lectricit&eacute; &agrave; partir du charbon.<br>\n**Rapport entre le CO2 anthropique annuel (environ 35 Gt) et l&rsquo;estimation maximale pr&eacute;f&eacute;r&eacute;e pour le CO2 volcanique annuel.<br>\n+Donn&eacute;es 2015 provenant de l&rsquo;&eacute;dition 2017 de l&rsquo;AIE sur les &eacute;missions de CO2 dues &agrave; la combustion de combustibles.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>LES CATASTROPHES NE SONT PAS NATURELLES, elles sont construites par la soci&eacute;t&eacute;, en raison du manque de pr&eacute;paration, de pr&eacute;vention, de travail d&rsquo;att&eacute;nuation, d&rsquo;&eacute;ducation et de suivi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":11142,"parent":12582,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12701","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12701","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12701"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12701\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12582"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11142"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12701"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}