{"id":12658,"date":"2021-08-22T10:00:52","date_gmt":"2021-08-22T08:00:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/volcanx.cluster031.hosting.ovh.net\/?page_id=12658"},"modified":"2021-10-04T19:41:40","modified_gmt":"2021-10-04T17:41:40","slug":"gaz-volcanique","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/renforcer-la-connaissance-des-risques\/dangers\/gaz-volcanique\/","title":{"rendered":"GAZ VOLCANIQUE"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"av_section_1\" class=\"avia-section av-85tvrm-3e95231a7b3e6eb192907f404f41a286 main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_section  avia-builder-el-first  avia-full-stretch av-parallax-section avia-bg-style-parallax av-minimum-height av-minimum-height-25 av-height-25  container_wrap fullsize\" data-section-bg-repeat=\"stretch\" data-av_minimum_height_pc=\"25\" data-av_min_height_opt=\"25\"><div class=\"av-parallax\" data-avia-parallax-ratio=\"0.3\"><div class=\"av-parallax-inner main_color avia-full-stretch\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"container av-section-cont-open\"><main role=\"main\" itemprop=\"mainContentOfPage\" class=\"template-page content  av-content-full alpha units\"><div class=\"post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-12658\"><div class=\"entry-content-wrapper clearfix\">\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-377mki-891bdcf97286948f143384db57d78c91\">\n.flex_column.av-377mki-891bdcf97286948f143384db57d78c91{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-377mki-891bdcf97286948f143384db57d78c91 av_one_fifth  avia-builder-el-1  el_before_av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  \"><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-44v1oi-4270c45783cf4dfabc2e0046b5bfca7a\">\n.flex_column.av-44v1oi-4270c45783cf4dfabc2e0046b5bfca7a{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-44v1oi-4270c45783cf4dfabc2e0046b5bfca7a av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_one_fifth  el_before_av_one_fifth  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  \"><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-2wneaq-c7141c0f93804d3dc6134a419c02967d\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-2wneaq-c7141c0f93804d3dc6134a419c02967d .avia_textblock{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-2wneaq-c7141c0f93804d3dc6134a419c02967d \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock av_inherit_color\" itemprop=\"text\"><div class=\"h2-cinta-programas\">\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 2.5em;\">RENFORCER LA CONNAISSANCE DES RISQUES<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section><br>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-2wneaq-34462baf835e0e88628f9f1fcf41a06e \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><p class=\"p-cinta-programas\" style=\"text-align: center; background: #f5312a !important;\">POURQUOI LA FONDATION EST N&Eacute;E ?<span class=\"flecha-donativo\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> &gt;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-377mki-fc3240a24cacc3f72868647236f26abd\">\n.flex_column.av-377mki-fc3240a24cacc3f72868647236f26abd{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-377mki-fc3240a24cacc3f72868647236f26abd av_one_fifth  avia-builder-el-5  el_after_av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-last  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  \"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/main><!-- close content main element --><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-k3yaxsym-b831a12c8acddceb21a18cbb360fd41d\">\n.avia-section.av-k3yaxsym-b831a12c8acddceb21a18cbb360fd41d{\nbackground-color:#000000;\nbackground-image:unset;\n}\n.avia-section.av-k3yaxsym-b831a12c8acddceb21a18cbb360fd41d .av-section-color-overlay{\nopacity:0.9;\nbackground-color:#000000;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id=\"av_section_2\" class=\"avia-section av-k3yaxsym-b831a12c8acddceb21a18cbb360fd41d main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_textblock  avia-bg-style-fixed av-section-color-overlay-active container_wrap fullsize\"><div class=\"av-section-color-overlay-wrap\"><div class=\"av-section-color-overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"container av-section-cont-open\"><div class=\"template-page content  av-content-full alpha units\"><div class=\"post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-12658\"><div class=\"entry-content-wrapper clearfix\">\n<div class=\"flex_column_table av-a5p0bb-0286912bb6bfb93801b9fa33860921b2 sc-av_one_full av-equal-height-column-flextable\">\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-a5p0bb-0286912bb6bfb93801b9fa33860921b2\">\n.flex_column.av-a5p0bb-0286912bb6bfb93801b9fa33860921b2{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-a5p0bb-0286912bb6bfb93801b9fa33860921b2 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-7  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-middle av-zero-column-padding  \"><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-joihkone-69e81b3ac324ed7c1268b0d71e700013\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-joihkone-69e81b3ac324ed7c1268b0d71e700013 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:18px;\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n\n@media only screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 989px){ \n#top .av_textblock_section.av-joihkone-69e81b3ac324ed7c1268b0d71e700013 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:16px;\n}\n}\n\n@media only screen and (min-width: 480px) and (max-width: 767px){ \n#top .av_textblock_section.av-joihkone-69e81b3ac324ed7c1268b0d71e700013 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:16px;\n}\n}\n\n@media only screen and (max-width: 479px){ \n#top .av_textblock_section.av-joihkone-69e81b3ac324ed7c1268b0d71e700013 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:16px;\n}\n}\n<\/style>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-joihkone-69e81b3ac324ed7c1268b0d71e700013 \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock av_inherit_color\" itemprop=\"text\"><blockquote>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.undrr.org\"><strong>LES DISASTERS NE SONT PAS NATURELS<\/strong><\/a>, ils sont construits socialement, par manque de pr&eacute;paration, de pr&eacute;vention, de travail d&rsquo;att&eacute;nuation, d&rsquo;&eacute;ducation et de suivi. <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;CE&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Abr&eacute;viation de &amp;quot;l&amp;#039;&egrave;re commune&amp;quot; ou &amp;quot;l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle&amp;quot;. CE se r&eacute;f&egrave;re &agrave; l&amp;#039;ann&eacute;e &eacute;coul&eacute;e depuis le d&eacute;but de l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle dans le calendrier julien ou gr&eacute;gorien, par exemple l&amp;#039;ann&eacute;e civile. L&amp;#039;&egrave;re pr&eacute;c&eacute;dente est appel&eacute;e &amp;quot;Avant l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle&amp;quot; ou BCE.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/glossary\/ce-fr\/\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>Ce<\/a> sont des risques ou des dangers naturels qui ont un impact sur les soci&eacute;t&eacute;s vuln&eacute;rables. Les connaissances aident &agrave; <strong>r&eacute;duire la vuln&eacute;rabilit&eacute; sociale<\/strong> et <strong>structurale<\/strong> afin d&rsquo;avoir des soci&eacute;t&eacute;s plus <strong>r&eacute;silientes<\/strong>!<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 --><\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"after_section_2\" class=\"main_color av_default_container_wrap container_wrap fullsize\"><div class=\"container av-section-cont-open\"><div class=\"template-page content  av-content-full alpha units\"><div class=\"post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-12658\"><div class=\"entry-content-wrapper clearfix\"><section class=\"av_textblock_section av-kqt9jd5e-cd33964ef4e3b772df7fef522b816d29 \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><h2>Les gaz volcaniques peuvent &ecirc;tre dangereux pour la sant&eacute;, la v&eacute;g&eacute;tation et les infrastructures.<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kqt9ln1w-f6affe7cdeee6be02fc225bbc4bc5689\">\n#top .hr.av-kqt9ln1w-f6affe7cdeee6be02fc225bbc4bc5689{\nmargin-top:15px;\nmargin-bottom:15px;\n}\n.hr.av-kqt9ln1w-f6affe7cdeee6be02fc225bbc4bc5689 .hr-inner{\nwidth:100%;\nborder-color:#d8d8d8;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hr av-kqt9ln1w-f6affe7cdeee6be02fc225bbc4bc5689 hr-custom  avia-builder-el-10  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_one_half  hr-center hr-icon-no\"><span class=\"hr-inner inner-border-av-border-thin\"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1wlhzr6-8cc129343b9618e21784b665a1361b31\">\n.flex_column.av-1wlhzr6-8cc129343b9618e21784b665a1361b31{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-1wlhzr6-8cc129343b9618e21784b665a1361b31 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-11  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  \"><p><section class=\"av_textblock_section av-kqt9tgn4-955ae44a3b12f5f76d41e08b4c147261 \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><p>Le <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;MAGMA&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Roche fondue sous la surface de la Terre.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/glossary\/magma-fr\/\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>magma<\/a> contient des gaz dissous, qui sont la force motrice de la plupart des <strong>&eacute;ruptions volcaniques<\/strong>. Au fur et &agrave; mesure que le <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;MAGMA&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Roche fondue sous la surface de la Terre.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/glossary\/magma-fr\/\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>magma<\/a> remonte vers la surface et que la pression diminue, les gaz sont lib&eacute;r&eacute;s de la partie liquide du <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;MAGMA&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Roche fondue sous la surface de la Terre.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/glossary\/magma-fr\/\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>magma<\/a> (fonte) et continuent &agrave; remonter, pour finalement &ecirc;tre lib&eacute;r&eacute;s dans l&rsquo;atmosph&egrave;re. Les grandes &eacute;ruptions peuvent lib&eacute;rer d&rsquo;&eacute;normes quantit&eacute;s de gaz en un court laps de temps. On pense que l&rsquo;&eacute;ruption du mont Pinatubo en 1991 a inject&eacute; plus de 250 m&eacute;gatonnes de gaz dans la haute atmosph&egrave;re en un seul jour. Cependant, m&ecirc;me si le <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;MAGMA&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Roche fondue sous la surface de la Terre.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/glossary\/magma-fr\/\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>magma<\/a> n&rsquo;atteint jamais la surface, les gaz peuvent souvent s&rsquo;&eacute;chapper continuellement dans l&rsquo;atmosph&egrave;re depuis le sol, les chemin&eacute;es volcaniques, les fumerolles et les syst&egrave;mes hydrothermaux.<\/p>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-2iilxww-003653b43aa5755c226e09fadf7110d0\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-2iilxww-003653b43aa5755c226e09fadf7110d0{\nheight:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hr av-2iilxww-003653b43aa5755c226e09fadf7110d0 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-13  avia-builder-el-no-sibling \"><span class=\"hr-inner \"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p>Le gaz volcanique le plus abondant est de loin la vapeur d&rsquo;eau, qui est inoffensive. Cependant, des quantit&eacute;s importantes de dioxyde de carbone, de dioxyde de soufre, de sulfure d&rsquo;hydrog&egrave;ne et d&rsquo;halog&eacute;nures d&rsquo;hydrog&egrave;ne peuvent &eacute;galement &ecirc;tre &eacute;mises par les volcans. En fonction de leur concentration, ces gaz sont tous potentiellement dangereux pour les personnes, les animaux, l&rsquo;agriculture et les biens.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kqta1i5b-107d1a9c40127944f7fe3b907c4f1f41\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-kqta1i5b-107d1a9c40127944f7fe3b907c4f1f41{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<\/p><div class=\"hr av-kqta1i5b-107d1a9c40127944f7fe3b907c4f1f41 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-14  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last \"><span class=\"hr-inner \"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-4syb7u1-2e782103a5a11106f5050bb03ca2c081\">\n.flex_column.av-4syb7u1-2e782103a5a11106f5050bb03ca2c081{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-4syb7u1-2e782103a5a11106f5050bb03ca2c081 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-15  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_half  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  \"><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kr6ib1mz-91095522d23c42cb3c266f34e6c6d68b\">\n.avia-image-container.av-kr6ib1mz-91095522d23c42cb3c266f34e6c6d68b img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-kr6ib1mz-91095522d23c42cb3c266f34e6c6d68b .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<\/p><div class=\"avia-image-container av-kr6ib1mz-91095522d23c42cb3c266f34e6c6d68b av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-16  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first \" itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class=\"wp-image-12671 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-12671 avia_image \" src=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/carbon.dioxide-low-lying-areas.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"carbon.dioxide-low-lying-areas\" height=\"1421\" width=\"1140\" itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/carbon.dioxide-low-lying-areas.jpg 1140w, https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/carbon.dioxide-low-lying-areas-241x300.jpg 241w, https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/carbon.dioxide-low-lying-areas-826x1030.jpg 826w, https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/carbon.dioxide-low-lying-areas-768x957.jpg 768w, https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/carbon.dioxide-low-lying-areas-566x705.jpg 566w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1140px) 100vw, 1140px\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-kr6i76jb-4d99ac4ff95732f9d5a32379964de404 \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>Le gaz carbonique peut s&rsquo;accumuler dans les zones volcaniques de basse altitude, pr&eacute;sentant un risque mortel pour les humains et les animaux. Une torche enflamm&eacute;e descendue dans une poche de CO2 (en haut) provoque l&rsquo;extinction de la flamme (en bas).<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-4b7podl-d558ccf1b9e3dec760b5573ff0ebb60d\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-4b7podl-d558ccf1b9e3dec760b5573ff0ebb60d{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hr av-4b7podl-d558ccf1b9e3dec760b5573ff0ebb60d hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-18  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last \"><span class=\"hr-inner \"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-40ljj61-7d15744f81def97a37c1d330a5cbf253\">\n.flex_column.av-40ljj61-7d15744f81def97a37c1d330a5cbf253{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-40ljj61-7d15744f81def97a37c1d330a5cbf253 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-19  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin\"><section class=\"av_textblock_section av-kr6idive-07796dbcb0509cd18991f12f1974244e \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><h2>Le dioxyde de carbone (CO2) pi&eacute;g&eacute; dans les zones de basse altitude peut &ecirc;tre mortel pour les personnes et les animaux.<\/h2>\n<p>Le dioxyde de carbone constitue environ 0,04 % de l&rsquo;air de l&rsquo;atmosph&egrave;re terrestre. Lorsque <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;CE&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Abr&eacute;viation de &amp;quot;l&amp;#039;&egrave;re commune&amp;quot; ou &amp;quot;l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle&amp;quot;. CE se r&eacute;f&egrave;re &agrave; l&amp;#039;ann&eacute;e &eacute;coul&eacute;e depuis le d&eacute;but de l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle dans le calendrier julien ou gr&eacute;gorien, par exemple l&amp;#039;ann&eacute;e civile. L&amp;#039;&egrave;re pr&eacute;c&eacute;dente est appel&eacute;e &amp;quot;Avant l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle&amp;quot; ou BCE.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/glossary\/ce-fr\/\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>ce<\/a> gaz incolore et inodore est &eacute;mis par les volcans, il se dilue g&eacute;n&eacute;ralement tr&egrave;s rapidement pour atteindre de faibles concentrations et ne met pas la vie en danger. Toutefois, le dioxyde de carbone froid &eacute;tant plus lourd que l&rsquo;air, il peut s&rsquo;&eacute;couler dans les zones de basse altitude o&ugrave; il peut atteindre des concentrations beaucoup plus &eacute;lev&eacute;es dans certaines conditions atmosph&eacute;riques tr&egrave;s stables. Cela peut pr&eacute;senter des risques s&eacute;rieux pour les personnes et les animaux. Respirer de l&rsquo;air contenant plus de 3 % de CO2 peut rapidement entra&icirc;ner des maux de t&ecirc;te, des vertiges, une acc&eacute;l&eacute;ration du rythme cardiaque et des difficult&eacute;s respiratoires. &Agrave; des niveaux de m&eacute;lange sup&eacute;rieurs &agrave; environ 15 %, le dioxyde de carbone provoque rapidement une perte de conscience et la mort.<\/p>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-22q59io-c37349039639a8b2290234e79a03b091\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-22q59io-c37349039639a8b2290234e79a03b091{\nheight:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hr av-22q59io-c37349039639a8b2290234e79a03b091 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-21  avia-builder-el-no-sibling \"><span class=\"hr-inner \"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-28ffiuh-89c023858b6774d5b410d384c2eb13fe\">\n.flex_column.av-28ffiuh-89c023858b6774d5b410d384c2eb13fe{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-28ffiuh-89c023858b6774d5b410d384c2eb13fe av_one_half  avia-builder-el-22  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_full  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin\"><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1rki8rt-1e55a9687af1b2b148589ced5adb83d7\">\n.avia-image-container.av-1rki8rt-1e55a9687af1b2b148589ced5adb83d7 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-1rki8rt-1e55a9687af1b2b148589ced5adb83d7 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<\/p><div class=\"avia-image-container av-1rki8rt-1e55a9687af1b2b148589ced5adb83d7 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-23  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first \" itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class=\"wp-image-12674 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-12674 avia_image \" src=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/volcanic-smog-kilauea.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"volcanic-smog-kilauea\" height=\"564\" width=\"900\" itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/volcanic-smog-kilauea.jpg 900w, https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/volcanic-smog-kilauea-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/volcanic-smog-kilauea-768x481.jpg 768w, https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/volcanic-smog-kilauea-705x442.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-ktrft5-5d6deb4918e757b5f22b7d75fb4dc8ec \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>Les coul&eacute;es de boue volcaniques (lahars et coul&eacute;es de d&eacute;bris) se produisent plus fr&eacute;quemment apr&egrave;s qu&rsquo;un paysage a &eacute;t&eacute; recouvert de mat&eacute;riaux volcaniques meubles. Panneau sur les pentes de Rabaul, Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guin&eacute;e.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-17kvlvt-8bad000a6fd4326ecf00bb90657344d8\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-17kvlvt-8bad000a6fd4326ecf00bb90657344d8{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hr av-17kvlvt-8bad000a6fd4326ecf00bb90657344d8 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-25  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last \"><span class=\"hr-inner \"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-sodwq8-5ae05c90d4a40f1187f37c8f84f0c3f3\">\n.flex_column.av-sodwq8-5ae05c90d4a40f1187f37c8f84f0c3f3{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-sodwq8-5ae05c90d4a40f1187f37c8f84f0c3f3 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-26  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin\"><section class=\"av_textblock_section av-kr6lajxb-0d3a9ea424224b6152a6f95282938c7e \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><p>Dans les zones volcaniques o&ugrave; se produisent des &eacute;missions de CO2, il est important d&rsquo;&eacute;viter les petites d&eacute;pressions et les zones de faible altitude qui pourraient servir de pi&egrave;ges &agrave; CO2. La fronti&egrave;re entre un air sain et un gaz mortel peut &ecirc;tre extr&ecirc;mement nette ; il suffit d&rsquo;un pas. De fortes concentrations de gaz CO2 dans les sols peuvent &eacute;galement endommager ou d&eacute;truire la v&eacute;g&eacute;tation.<\/p>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1hv531s-cd5c418141f4dbe154ea8ce3e3c3de1a\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-1hv531s-cd5c418141f4dbe154ea8ce3e3c3de1a{\nheight:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hr av-1hv531s-cd5c418141f4dbe154ea8ce3e3c3de1a hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-28  avia-builder-el-no-sibling \"><span class=\"hr-inner \"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p>En plus de leur danger direct, les &eacute;missions volcaniques de CO2 ont &eacute;galement la capacit&eacute; d&rsquo;affecter le climat mondial, mais les &eacute;tudes scientifiques indiquent que la production volcanique mondiale moyenne est insignifiante compar&eacute;e aux &eacute;missions de l&rsquo;activit&eacute; humaine.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-73swbyu-564a18d44832327c95bddf9751c2d927\">\n.flex_column.av-73swbyu-564a18d44832327c95bddf9751c2d927{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-73swbyu-564a18d44832327c95bddf9751c2d927 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-29  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin\"><section class=\"av_textblock_section av-kr6jiu2y-45a206165ab9fee20b694886f498f267 \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><h3>Le dioxyde de soufre (SO2) est irritant pour les yeux, la peau et le syst&egrave;me respiratoire.<\/h3>\n<p>Le dioxyde de soufre est un gaz incolore &agrave; l&rsquo;odeur piquante qui irrite la peau, les tissus et les muqueuses des yeux, du nez et de la gorge. Les &eacute;missions de SO2 peuvent provoquer des pluies acides et de la pollution atmosph&eacute;rique, de fortes concentrations de dioxyde de soufre produisent du smog volcanique (VOG) qui cause des probl&egrave;mes de sant&eacute; persistants pour les gens. Lors de tr&egrave;s grandes &eacute;ruptions, le SO2 peut &ecirc;tre inject&eacute; dans la stratosph&egrave;re &agrave; des altitudes sup&eacute;rieures &agrave; 10 km. L&agrave;, le SO2 se transforme en a&eacute;rosols sulfat&eacute;s qui r&eacute;fl&eacute;chissent la lumi&egrave;re du soleil et ont donc un effet de refroidissement sur le climat de la Terre. Ils jouent &eacute;galement un r&ocirc;le dans l&rsquo;appauvrissement de la couche d&rsquo;ozone, car de nombreuses r&eacute;actions destructrices d&rsquo;ozone se produisent &agrave; la surface de ces a&eacute;rosols.<\/p>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1czsxe8-e547f9392ce2f2d7d723c7412cef4b7e\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-1czsxe8-e547f9392ce2f2d7d723c7412cef4b7e{\nheight:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hr av-1czsxe8-e547f9392ce2f2d7d723c7412cef4b7e hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-31  avia-builder-el-no-sibling \"><span class=\"hr-inner \"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div><\/section><br>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-69f2rdi-22c817fadee504346f2d889d95eb5896\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-69f2rdi-22c817fadee504346f2d889d95eb5896{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hr av-69f2rdi-22c817fadee504346f2d889d95eb5896 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-32  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last \"><span class=\"hr-inner \"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-5k7wkxi-02eba14496379936ec05700e15d49dac\">\n.flex_column.av-5k7wkxi-02eba14496379936ec05700e15d49dac{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-5k7wkxi-02eba14496379936ec05700e15d49dac av_one_half  avia-builder-el-33  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_full  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin\"><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-5emlxau-318deb0c2f66b06610a067f895e6f56c\">\n.avia-image-container.av-5emlxau-318deb0c2f66b06610a067f895e6f56c img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-5emlxau-318deb0c2f66b06610a067f895e6f56c .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<\/p><div class=\"avia-image-container av-5emlxau-318deb0c2f66b06610a067f895e6f56c av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-34  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first \" itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class=\"wp-image-12688 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-12688 avia_image \" src=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/gas-plume-mauna-loa-hawaii.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"gas-plume-mauna-loa-hawaii\" height=\"683\" width=\"1024\" itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/gas-plume-mauna-loa-hawaii.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/gas-plume-mauna-loa-hawaii-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/gas-plume-mauna-loa-hawaii-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/gas-plume-mauna-loa-hawaii-705x470.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-4wwwj92-a32a9a35037c8a9ff46488b9d9bb640a \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>Le panache de gaz pendant l&rsquo;&eacute;ruption de 1984 du Mauna Loa, &agrave; Hawa&iuml;, bloque le soleil.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-4gl5euu-beac8021a7125d6aba776f52834817a1\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-4gl5euu-beac8021a7125d6aba776f52834817a1{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hr av-4gl5euu-beac8021a7125d6aba776f52834817a1 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-36  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last \"><span class=\"hr-inner \"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-snwrg0-a0516b7754c224557f049603b3a431cb\">\n.flex_column.av-snwrg0-a0516b7754c224557f049603b3a431cb{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-snwrg0-a0516b7754c224557f049603b3a431cb av_one_full  avia-builder-el-37  el_after_av_one_half  avia-builder-el-last  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin\"><section class=\"av_textblock_section av-kr6lc7kn-8447ba711fabcae21f6ed842284a9265 \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><h3>Le sulfure d&rsquo;hydrog&egrave;ne (H2S) est tr&egrave;s toxique &agrave; forte concentration<\/h3>\n<p>Le sulfure d&rsquo;hydrog&egrave;ne est un gaz incolore, inflammable et d&eacute;gageant une forte odeur naus&eacute;abonde. Il est parfois appel&eacute; gaz d&rsquo;&eacute;gout. Il est int&eacute;ressant de noter que le nez humain est plus sensible au H2S que n&rsquo;importe quel instrument de surveillance des gaz dont nous disposons aujourd&rsquo;hui : l&rsquo;odeur est associ&eacute;e &agrave; une odeur d&rsquo;&oelig;uf pourri. Une exposition &agrave; 500 ppm peut rendre un homme inconscient en 5 minutes et le tuer en une heure ou moins.<\/p>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kyvro0-9dd6da47c76020516ae0aeb42915eed1\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-kyvro0-9dd6da47c76020516ae0aeb42915eed1{\nheight:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hr av-kyvro0-9dd6da47c76020516ae0aeb42915eed1 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-39  avia-builder-el-no-sibling \"><span class=\"hr-inner \"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<h3>Les halog&eacute;nures d&rsquo;hydrog&egrave;ne (HF, HCl, HBr) sont des acides toxiques<\/h3>\n<p>Lorsque le <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;MAGMA&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Roche fondue sous la surface de la Terre.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/glossary\/magma-fr\/\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>magma<\/a> remonte pr&egrave;s de la surface, les volcans peuvent &eacute;mettre les halog&egrave;nes fluor, chlore et brome sous forme d&rsquo;halog&eacute;nures d&rsquo;hydrog&egrave;ne (HF, HCl et HBr). Ces esp&egrave;ces sont tr&egrave;s solubles ; elles se dissolvent donc rapidement dans les gouttelettes d&rsquo;eau au sein des panaches volcaniques ou dans l&rsquo;atmosph&egrave;re o&ugrave; elles peuvent potentiellement provoquer des pluies acides. Lors d&rsquo;une &eacute;ruption produisant des cendres, les particules de cendres sont &eacute;galement souvent recouvertes d&rsquo;halog&eacute;nures d&rsquo;hydrog&egrave;ne. Une fois d&eacute;pos&eacute;es, ces particules de cendres enrob&eacute;es peuvent empoisonner les r&eacute;serves d&rsquo;eau potable, les cultures agricoles et les p&acirc;turages.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>LES CATASTROPHES NE SONT PAS NATURELLES, elles sont construites par la soci&eacute;t&eacute;, en raison du manque de pr&eacute;paration, de pr&eacute;vention, de travail d&rsquo;att&eacute;nuation, d&rsquo;&eacute;ducation et de suivi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":11142,"parent":12582,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12658","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12658","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12658"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12658\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12582"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11142"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12658"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}