{"id":12587,"date":"2021-08-22T09:54:48","date_gmt":"2021-08-22T07:54:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/volcanx.cluster031.hosting.ovh.net\/?page_id=12587"},"modified":"2021-10-04T19:42:56","modified_gmt":"2021-10-04T17:42:56","slug":"tephra-ash","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/renforcer-la-connaissance-des-risques\/dangers\/tephra-ash\/","title":{"rendered":"TEPHRA\/ASH"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"av_section_1\" class=\"avia-section av-85tvrm-3e95231a7b3e6eb192907f404f41a286 main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_section  avia-builder-el-first  avia-full-stretch av-parallax-section avia-bg-style-parallax av-minimum-height av-minimum-height-25 av-height-25  container_wrap fullsize\" data-section-bg-repeat=\"stretch\" data-av_minimum_height_pc=\"25\" data-av_min_height_opt=\"25\"><div class=\"av-parallax\" data-avia-parallax-ratio=\"0.3\"><div class=\"av-parallax-inner main_color avia-full-stretch\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"container av-section-cont-open\"><main role=\"main\" itemprop=\"mainContentOfPage\" class=\"template-page content  av-content-full alpha units\"><div class=\"post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-12587\"><div class=\"entry-content-wrapper clearfix\">\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-377mki-891bdcf97286948f143384db57d78c91\">\n.flex_column.av-377mki-891bdcf97286948f143384db57d78c91{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-377mki-891bdcf97286948f143384db57d78c91 av_one_fifth  avia-builder-el-1  el_before_av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  \"><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-44v1oi-4270c45783cf4dfabc2e0046b5bfca7a\">\n.flex_column.av-44v1oi-4270c45783cf4dfabc2e0046b5bfca7a{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-44v1oi-4270c45783cf4dfabc2e0046b5bfca7a av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_one_fifth  el_before_av_one_fifth  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  \"><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-2wneaq-c7141c0f93804d3dc6134a419c02967d\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-2wneaq-c7141c0f93804d3dc6134a419c02967d .avia_textblock{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-2wneaq-c7141c0f93804d3dc6134a419c02967d \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock av_inherit_color\" itemprop=\"text\"><div class=\"h2-cinta-programas\">\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 2.5em;\">RENFORCER LA CONNAISSANCE DES RISQUES<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section><br>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-2wneaq-34462baf835e0e88628f9f1fcf41a06e \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><p class=\"p-cinta-programas\" style=\"text-align: center; background: #f5312a !important;\">POURQUOI LA FONDATION EST N&Eacute;E ?<span class=\"flecha-donativo\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> &gt;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-377mki-fc3240a24cacc3f72868647236f26abd\">\n.flex_column.av-377mki-fc3240a24cacc3f72868647236f26abd{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-377mki-fc3240a24cacc3f72868647236f26abd av_one_fifth  avia-builder-el-5  el_after_av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-last  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  \"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/main><!-- close content main element --><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-k3yaxsym-b831a12c8acddceb21a18cbb360fd41d\">\n.avia-section.av-k3yaxsym-b831a12c8acddceb21a18cbb360fd41d{\nbackground-color:#000000;\nbackground-image:unset;\n}\n.avia-section.av-k3yaxsym-b831a12c8acddceb21a18cbb360fd41d .av-section-color-overlay{\nopacity:0.9;\nbackground-color:#000000;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id=\"av_section_2\" class=\"avia-section av-k3yaxsym-b831a12c8acddceb21a18cbb360fd41d main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_textblock  avia-bg-style-fixed av-section-color-overlay-active container_wrap fullsize\"><div class=\"av-section-color-overlay-wrap\"><div class=\"av-section-color-overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"container av-section-cont-open\"><div class=\"template-page content  av-content-full alpha units\"><div class=\"post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-12587\"><div class=\"entry-content-wrapper clearfix\">\n<div class=\"flex_column_table av-a5p0bb-0286912bb6bfb93801b9fa33860921b2 sc-av_one_full av-equal-height-column-flextable\">\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-a5p0bb-0286912bb6bfb93801b9fa33860921b2\">\n.flex_column.av-a5p0bb-0286912bb6bfb93801b9fa33860921b2{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-a5p0bb-0286912bb6bfb93801b9fa33860921b2 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-7  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-middle av-zero-column-padding  \"><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-joihkone-69e81b3ac324ed7c1268b0d71e700013\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-joihkone-69e81b3ac324ed7c1268b0d71e700013 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:18px;\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n\n@media only screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 989px){ \n#top .av_textblock_section.av-joihkone-69e81b3ac324ed7c1268b0d71e700013 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:16px;\n}\n}\n\n@media only screen and (min-width: 480px) and (max-width: 767px){ \n#top .av_textblock_section.av-joihkone-69e81b3ac324ed7c1268b0d71e700013 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:16px;\n}\n}\n\n@media only screen and (max-width: 479px){ \n#top .av_textblock_section.av-joihkone-69e81b3ac324ed7c1268b0d71e700013 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:16px;\n}\n}\n<\/style>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-joihkone-69e81b3ac324ed7c1268b0d71e700013 \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock av_inherit_color\" itemprop=\"text\"><blockquote>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.undrr.org\"><strong>LES DISASTERS NE SONT PAS NATURELS<\/strong><\/a>, ils sont construits socialement, par manque de pr&eacute;paration, de pr&eacute;vention, de travail d&rsquo;att&eacute;nuation, d&rsquo;&eacute;ducation et de suivi. <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;CE&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Abr&eacute;viation de &amp;quot;l&amp;#039;&egrave;re commune&amp;quot; ou &amp;quot;l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle&amp;quot;. CE se r&eacute;f&egrave;re &agrave; l&amp;#039;ann&eacute;e &eacute;coul&eacute;e depuis le d&eacute;but de l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle dans le calendrier julien ou gr&eacute;gorien, par exemple l&amp;#039;ann&eacute;e civile. L&amp;#039;&egrave;re pr&eacute;c&eacute;dente est appel&eacute;e &amp;quot;Avant l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle&amp;quot; ou BCE.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/glossary\/ce-fr\/\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>Ce<\/a> sont des risques ou des dangers naturels qui ont un impact sur les soci&eacute;t&eacute;s vuln&eacute;rables. Les connaissances aident &agrave; <strong>r&eacute;duire la vuln&eacute;rabilit&eacute; sociale<\/strong> et <strong>structurale<\/strong> afin d&rsquo;avoir des soci&eacute;t&eacute;s plus <strong>r&eacute;silientes<\/strong>!<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 --><\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"after_section_2\" class=\"main_color av_default_container_wrap container_wrap fullsize\"><div class=\"container av-section-cont-open\"><div class=\"template-page content  av-content-full alpha units\"><div class=\"post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-12587\"><div class=\"entry-content-wrapper clearfix\"><section class=\"av_textblock_section av-kqt9jd5e-cd33964ef4e3b772df7fef522b816d29 \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><h2>Les cendres sont le risque volcanique le plus courant et le plus fr&eacute;quent.<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kqt9ln1w-f6affe7cdeee6be02fc225bbc4bc5689\">\n#top .hr.av-kqt9ln1w-f6affe7cdeee6be02fc225bbc4bc5689{\nmargin-top:15px;\nmargin-bottom:15px;\n}\n.hr.av-kqt9ln1w-f6affe7cdeee6be02fc225bbc4bc5689 .hr-inner{\nwidth:100%;\nborder-color:#d8d8d8;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hr av-kqt9ln1w-f6affe7cdeee6be02fc225bbc4bc5689 hr-custom  avia-builder-el-10  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_one_half  hr-center hr-icon-no\"><span class=\"hr-inner inner-border-av-border-thin\"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1wlhzr6-8cc129343b9618e21784b665a1361b31\">\n.flex_column.av-1wlhzr6-8cc129343b9618e21784b665a1361b31{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-1wlhzr6-8cc129343b9618e21784b665a1361b31 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-11  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  \"><section class=\"av_textblock_section av-kqt9tgn4-955ae44a3b12f5f76d41e08b4c147261 \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><h3>Les &eacute;ruptions explosives produisent <a title=\"BUILDING RISK KNOWLEDGE\" href=\"http:\/\/volcanx.cluster031.hosting.ovh.net\/fr\/renforcer-la-connaissance-des-risques\/\">des tephras<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>Toutes les &eacute;ruptions volcaniques explosives g&eacute;n&egrave;rent du t&eacute;phra, c&rsquo;est-&agrave;-dire des fragments de roche produits lors de l&rsquo;&eacute;jection explosive de <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;MAGMA&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Roche fondue sous la surface de la Terre.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/glossary\/magma-fr\/\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>magma<\/a> ou de roche. Les plus gros fragments, rochers et bombes (&gt;64 mm, 2,5 pouces de diam&egrave;tre), peuvent &ecirc;tre expuls&eacute;s avec une grande force mais se d&eacute;posent pr&egrave;s de l&rsquo;<a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;&Eacute;VENT&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;Toute ouverture &agrave; la surface de la Terre par laquelle le magma entre en &eacute;ruption ou les gaz volcaniques sont &eacute;mis.&amp;lt;\/div&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/glossary\/event-fr\/\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>&eacute;vent<\/a> &eacute;ruptif. Les mat&eacute;riaux de la taille d&rsquo;un lapi (6-64 mm, 0,24-2,5 pouces de diam&egrave;tre) peuvent &ecirc;tre transport&eacute;s vers le haut dans un panache volcanique et vers le bas dans un nuage volcanique, mais tombent au sol lorsque le nuage d&rsquo;&eacute;ruption refroidit. Le mat&eacute;riau le plus petit, la <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;CENDRE&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Fragments fins (moins de 2 &agrave; 4 mm de diam&egrave;tre) de roche volcanique form&eacute;s par une explosion volcanique ou l&amp;#039;&eacute;jection d&amp;#039;une chemin&eacute;e volcanique.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/glossary\/cendre-fr\/\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>cendre<\/a> volcanique (&lt;2 mm de diam&egrave;tre), est &agrave; la fois facilement transport&eacute; vers le haut dans le panache et transport&eacute; par le vent sur de tr&egrave;s longues distances ; lorsqu&rsquo;il tombe en suspension, il peut potentiellement affecter des communaut&eacute;s sur des milliers de kilom&egrave;tres.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kqta1i5b-107d1a9c40127944f7fe3b907c4f1f41\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-kqta1i5b-107d1a9c40127944f7fe3b907c4f1f41{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hr av-kqta1i5b-107d1a9c40127944f7fe3b907c4f1f41 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-13  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last \"><span class=\"hr-inner \"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-4syb7u1-2e782103a5a11106f5050bb03ca2c081\">\n.flex_column.av-4syb7u1-2e782103a5a11106f5050bb03ca2c081{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-4syb7u1-2e782103a5a11106f5050bb03ca2c081 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-14  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_half  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  \"><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kr6ib1mz-73b8e6ffe8e4d8beafafc884bca02277\">\n.avia-image-container.av-kr6ib1mz-73b8e6ffe8e4d8beafafc884bca02277 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-kr6ib1mz-73b8e6ffe8e4d8beafafc884bca02277 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<\/p><div class=\"avia-image-container av-kr6ib1mz-73b8e6ffe8e4d8beafafc884bca02277 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-15  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first \" itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class=\"wp-image-12597 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-12597 avia_image \" src=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/ash-buries.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"ash-buries\" height=\"751\" width=\"1140\" itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/ash-buries.jpg 1140w, https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/ash-buries-300x198.jpg 300w, https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/ash-buries-1030x679.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/ash-buries-768x506.jpg 768w, https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/ash-buries-705x464.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1140px) 100vw, 1140px\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-kr6i76jb-4d99ac4ff95732f9d5a32379964de404 \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><p style=\"text-align: right;\">Des cendres ensevelissent des voitures et des b&acirc;timents apr&egrave;s l&rsquo;&eacute;ruption de 1984 &agrave; Rabaul, en Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guin&eacute;e.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-4b7podl-d558ccf1b9e3dec760b5573ff0ebb60d\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-4b7podl-d558ccf1b9e3dec760b5573ff0ebb60d{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hr av-4b7podl-d558ccf1b9e3dec760b5573ff0ebb60d hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-17  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last \"><span class=\"hr-inner \"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-40ljj61-7d15744f81def97a37c1d330a5cbf253\">\n.flex_column.av-40ljj61-7d15744f81def97a37c1d330a5cbf253{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-40ljj61-7d15744f81def97a37c1d330a5cbf253 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-18  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin\"><section class=\"av_textblock_section av-kr6idive-07796dbcb0509cd18991f12f1974244e \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><h2>Les cendres mettent en danger l&rsquo;aviation et les infrastructures<\/h2>\n<p>Les chutes de cendres ont des effets d&eacute;vastateurs sur les objets dont nous d&eacute;pendons dans notre vie quotidienne et sur nos syst&egrave;mes respiratoires. En raison de leur nature abrasive &agrave; grain fin et de leur large diffusion par le vent, les chutes de cendres et les nuages de cendres volcaniques constituent un danger majeur pour l&rsquo;aviation.<\/p>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-3nejwqx-4c66bf9ce371aee8475431fdefb0ee41\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-3nejwqx-4c66bf9ce371aee8475431fdefb0ee41{\nheight:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hr av-3nejwqx-4c66bf9ce371aee8475431fdefb0ee41 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-20  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first \"><span class=\"hr-inner \"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p>Les <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;RETOMB&Eacute;ES&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Terme g&eacute;n&eacute;ral d&eacute;signant toutes les cendres et tous les d&eacute;bris qui tombent sur terre (&eacute;galement connus sous le nom de cendres) &agrave; partir d&amp;#039;un nuage d&amp;#039;&eacute;ruption.&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/glossary\/retombees-fr\/\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">retomb&eacute;es<\/a> de cendres sur terre peuvent provoquer des perturbations et des dommages importants aux b&acirc;timents, aux transports, &agrave; l&rsquo;eau et aux eaux us&eacute;es, &agrave; l&rsquo;alimentation &eacute;lectrique, aux &eacute;quipements de communication, &agrave; l&rsquo;agriculture et &agrave; la production primaire, <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;CE&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Abr&eacute;viation de &amp;quot;l&amp;#039;&egrave;re commune&amp;quot; ou &amp;quot;l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle&amp;quot;. CE se r&eacute;f&egrave;re &agrave; l&amp;#039;ann&eacute;e &eacute;coul&eacute;e depuis le d&eacute;but de l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle dans le calendrier julien ou gr&eacute;gorien, par exemple l&amp;#039;ann&eacute;e civile. L&amp;#039;&egrave;re pr&eacute;c&eacute;dente est appel&eacute;e &amp;quot;Avant l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle&amp;quot; ou BCE.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/glossary\/ce-fr\/\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>ce<\/a> qui peut avoir des r&eacute;percussions et des co&ucirc;ts soci&eacute;taux consid&eacute;rables, m&ecirc;me pour des &eacute;paisseurs de quelques millim&egrave;tres ou pouces seulement. En outre, les cendres &agrave; grain fin, lorsqu&rsquo;elles sont ing&eacute;r&eacute;es, peuvent avoir des effets importants sur la sant&eacute; des humains et des animaux.<\/p>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-2yrzbu1-5e7e923780a31fe971bc05d60857b8dd\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-2yrzbu1-5e7e923780a31fe971bc05d60857b8dd{\nheight:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hr av-2yrzbu1-5e7e923780a31fe971bc05d60857b8dd hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-21  el_after_av_hr  avia-builder-el-last \"><span class=\"hr-inner \"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p>Les impacts des chutes de cendres sont plus complexes et &agrave; multiples facettes que ceux des autres risques volcaniques. Les variables comprennent la distance par rapport &agrave; la source de l&rsquo;&eacute;ruption, l&rsquo;orientation et la dispersion du nuage d&rsquo;&eacute;ruption, la quantit&eacute; de cendres re&ccedil;ues, les propri&eacute;t&eacute;s physiques et chimiques des cendres, les caract&eacute;ristiques de l&rsquo;environnement r&eacute;cepteur (comme le climat et l&rsquo;utilisation des terres) et la capacit&eacute; de la <a title=\"HAZARDS\" href=\"http:\/\/volcanx.cluster031.hosting.ovh.net\/fr\/?page_id=12582\">communaut&eacute; touch&eacute;e &agrave; s&rsquo;adapter aux chutes de cendres<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-9fscnd-a86860623a94a2f3d04ab0394bde8832\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-9fscnd-a86860623a94a2f3d04ab0394bde8832{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hr av-9fscnd-a86860623a94a2f3d04ab0394bde8832 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-22  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last \"><span class=\"hr-inner \"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-28ffiuh-89c023858b6774d5b410d384c2eb13fe\">\n.flex_column.av-28ffiuh-89c023858b6774d5b410d384c2eb13fe{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-28ffiuh-89c023858b6774d5b410d384c2eb13fe av_one_half  avia-builder-el-23  el_after_av_one_half  avia-builder-el-last  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin\"><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1rki8rt-0d8fe13b407867f0265beeceb1255b15\">\n.avia-image-container.av-1rki8rt-0d8fe13b407867f0265beeceb1255b15 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-1rki8rt-0d8fe13b407867f0265beeceb1255b15 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<\/p><div class=\"avia-image-container av-1rki8rt-0d8fe13b407867f0265beeceb1255b15 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-24  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first \" itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class=\"wp-image-12602 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-12602 avia_image \" src=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Ash-covered-pasture.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Ash-covered- pasture\" height=\"287\" width=\"461\" itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Ash-covered-pasture.jpg 461w, https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Ash-covered-pasture-300x187.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 461px) 100vw, 461px\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-ktrft5-5d6deb4918e757b5f22b7d75fb4dc8ec \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>Des cendres ont recouvert les p&acirc;turages, r&eacute;duisant l&rsquo;acc&egrave;s du b&eacute;tail &agrave; la nourriture &agrave; Futaleuf&uacute; apr&egrave;s l&rsquo;&eacute;ruption du Chait&eacute;n en 2008.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-17kvlvt-8bad000a6fd4326ecf00bb90657344d8\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-17kvlvt-8bad000a6fd4326ecf00bb90657344d8{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hr av-17kvlvt-8bad000a6fd4326ecf00bb90657344d8 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-26  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_image \"><span class=\"hr-inner \"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kr6iidwi-e738b6ce245a4f5d71220bedbade8eca\">\n.avia-image-container.av-kr6iidwi-e738b6ce245a4f5d71220bedbade8eca img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-kr6iidwi-e738b6ce245a4f5d71220bedbade8eca .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"avia-image-container av-kr6iidwi-e738b6ce245a4f5d71220bedbade8eca av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-27  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock \" itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class=\"wp-image-12605 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-12605 avia_image \" src=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/ash-jet-engine.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"ash-jet-engine\" height=\"1036\" width=\"718\" itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/ash-jet-engine.jpg 718w, https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/ash-jet-engine-208x300.jpg 208w, https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/ash-jet-engine-714x1030.jpg 714w, https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/ash-jet-engine-489x705.jpg 489w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 718px) 100vw, 718px\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-kr6iiwh1-4681d882946b59932e980a9e5be4813e \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><p style=\"text-align: right;\">En haut : D&eacute;p&ocirc;ts vitreux fonc&eacute;s de cendres volcaniques fondues sur le bord d&rsquo;attaque des aubes directrices d&rsquo;une turbine haute pression. En bas : Accumulation de cendres volcaniques non fondues dans le rotor de la turbine haute pression.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-vx75k9-f05865613a7f888dab92e795a0eefd88\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-vx75k9-f05865613a7f888dab92e795a0eefd88{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hr av-vx75k9-f05865613a7f888dab92e795a0eefd88 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-29  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last \"><span class=\"hr-inner \"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les chutes de cendres ont des effets d&eacute;vastateurs sur les objets dont nous d&eacute;pendons dans notre vie quotidienne et sur nos syst&egrave;mes respiratoires.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":11142,"parent":12582,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12587","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12587","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12587"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12587\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12582"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11142"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12587"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}