{"id":11690,"date":"2021-07-14T12:40:58","date_gmt":"2021-07-14T10:40:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/volcanx.cluster031.hosting.ovh.net\/?page_id=11690"},"modified":"2021-07-15T11:55:05","modified_gmt":"2021-07-15T09:55:05","slug":"methodes","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/renforcer-la-connaissance-des-risques\/monitoring\/gaz-et-eau\/methodes\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00e9thodes"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"av_section_1\" class=\"avia-section av-av_section-a3505495476c97acb77226663f388d50 main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_section  avia-builder-el-first  avia-full-stretch av-parallax-section avia-bg-style-parallax av-minimum-height av-minimum-height-25 av-height-25  container_wrap fullsize\" data-section-bg-repeat=\"stretch\" data-av_minimum_height_pc=\"25\" data-av_min_height_opt=\"25\"><div class=\"av-parallax\" data-avia-parallax-ratio=\"0.3\"><div class=\"av-parallax-inner main_color avia-full-stretch\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"container av-section-cont-open\"><main role=\"main\" itemprop=\"mainContentOfPage\" class=\"template-page content  av-content-full alpha units\"><div class=\"post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-11690\"><div class=\"entry-content-wrapper clearfix\">\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_one_fifth-25347b0a799d5b9f7058434b2a9c3182\">\n.flex_column.av-av_one_fifth-25347b0a799d5b9f7058434b2a9c3182{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-av_one_fifth-25347b0a799d5b9f7058434b2a9c3182 av_one_fifth  avia-builder-el-1  el_before_av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  \"><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_three_fifth-f7c1061df29de8cca6b42fcf455fe4a0\">\n.flex_column.av-av_three_fifth-f7c1061df29de8cca6b42fcf455fe4a0{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-av_three_fifth-f7c1061df29de8cca6b42fcf455fe4a0 av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_one_fifth  el_before_av_one_fifth  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  \"><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_textblock-8d09e837ca2380e6bdc85d849f6641d9\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-av_textblock-8d09e837ca2380e6bdc85d849f6641d9 .avia_textblock{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-8d09e837ca2380e6bdc85d849f6641d9 \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock av_inherit_color\" itemprop=\"text\"><div class=\"h2-cinta-programas\">\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 2.5em;\">RENFORCER LA CONNAISSANCE DES RISQUES<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section><br>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-820f97e5aca1e77a0a12cd8a6430c9f2 \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><p class=\"p-cinta-programas\" style=\"text-align: center; background: #f5312a !important;\">POURQUOI LA FONDATION EST N&Eacute;E ?<span class=\"flecha-donativo\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> &gt;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_one_fifth-f7c1061df29de8cca6b42fcf455fe4a0\">\n.flex_column.av-av_one_fifth-f7c1061df29de8cca6b42fcf455fe4a0{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-av_one_fifth-f7c1061df29de8cca6b42fcf455fe4a0 av_one_fifth  avia-builder-el-5  el_after_av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-last  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  \"><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/main><!-- close content main element --><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-k3yaxsym-b831a12c8acddceb21a18cbb360fd41d\">\n.avia-section.av-k3yaxsym-b831a12c8acddceb21a18cbb360fd41d{\nbackground-color:#000000;\nbackground-image:unset;\n}\n.avia-section.av-k3yaxsym-b831a12c8acddceb21a18cbb360fd41d .av-section-color-overlay{\nopacity:0.9;\nbackground-color:#000000;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id=\"av_section_2\" class=\"avia-section av-k3yaxsym-b831a12c8acddceb21a18cbb360fd41d main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_textblock  avia-bg-style-fixed av-section-color-overlay-active container_wrap fullsize\"><div class=\"av-section-color-overlay-wrap\"><div class=\"av-section-color-overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"container av-section-cont-open\"><div class=\"template-page content  av-content-full alpha units\"><div class=\"post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-11690\"><div class=\"entry-content-wrapper clearfix\">\n<div class=\"flex_column_table av-a5p0bb-0286912bb6bfb93801b9fa33860921b2 sc-av_one_full av-equal-height-column-flextable\">\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-a5p0bb-0286912bb6bfb93801b9fa33860921b2\">\n.flex_column.av-a5p0bb-0286912bb6bfb93801b9fa33860921b2{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-a5p0bb-0286912bb6bfb93801b9fa33860921b2 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-7  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-middle av-zero-column-padding  \"><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-joihkone-69e81b3ac324ed7c1268b0d71e700013\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-joihkone-69e81b3ac324ed7c1268b0d71e700013 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:18px;\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n\n@media only screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 989px){ \n#top .av_textblock_section.av-joihkone-69e81b3ac324ed7c1268b0d71e700013 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:16px;\n}\n}\n\n@media only screen and (min-width: 480px) and (max-width: 767px){ \n#top .av_textblock_section.av-joihkone-69e81b3ac324ed7c1268b0d71e700013 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:16px;\n}\n}\n\n@media only screen and (max-width: 479px){ \n#top .av_textblock_section.av-joihkone-69e81b3ac324ed7c1268b0d71e700013 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:16px;\n}\n}\n<\/style>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-joihkone-69e81b3ac324ed7c1268b0d71e700013 \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock av_inherit_color\" itemprop=\"text\"><blockquote>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.undrr.org\"><strong>LES DISASTERS NE SONT PAS NATURELS<\/strong><\/a>, ils sont construits socialement, par manque de pr&eacute;paration, de pr&eacute;vention, de travail d&rsquo;att&eacute;nuation, d&rsquo;&eacute;ducation et de suivi. <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;CE&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Abr&eacute;viation de &amp;quot;l&amp;#039;&egrave;re commune&amp;quot; ou &amp;quot;l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle&amp;quot;. CE se r&eacute;f&egrave;re &agrave; l&amp;#039;ann&eacute;e &eacute;coul&eacute;e depuis le d&eacute;but de l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle dans le calendrier julien ou gr&eacute;gorien, par exemple l&amp;#039;ann&eacute;e civile. L&amp;#039;&egrave;re pr&eacute;c&eacute;dente est appel&eacute;e &amp;quot;Avant l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle&amp;quot; ou BCE.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/glossary\/ce-fr\/\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>Ce<\/a> sont des risques ou des dangers naturels qui ont un impact sur les soci&eacute;t&eacute;s vuln&eacute;rables. Les connaissances aident &agrave; <strong>r&eacute;duire la vuln&eacute;rabilit&eacute; sociale<\/strong> et <strong>structurale<\/strong> afin d&rsquo;avoir des soci&eacute;t&eacute;s plus <strong>r&eacute;silientes<\/strong>!<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"after_section_2\" class=\"main_color av_default_container_wrap container_wrap fullsize\"><div class=\"container av-section-cont-open\"><div class=\"template-page content  av-content-full alpha units\"><div class=\"post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-11690\"><div class=\"entry-content-wrapper clearfix\">\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-kqt9jd5e-cd33964ef4e3b772df7fef522b816d29 \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><h2>Les m&eacute;thodes de mesure du gaz et de l&rsquo;eau varient en fonction du niveau d&rsquo;activit&eacute; volcanique<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kqt9ln1w-f6affe7cdeee6be02fc225bbc4bc5689\">\n#top .hr.av-kqt9ln1w-f6affe7cdeee6be02fc225bbc4bc5689{\nmargin-top:15px;\nmargin-bottom:15px;\n}\n.hr.av-kqt9ln1w-f6affe7cdeee6be02fc225bbc4bc5689 .hr-inner{\nwidth:100%;\nborder-color:#d8d8d8;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hr av-kqt9ln1w-f6affe7cdeee6be02fc225bbc4bc5689 hr-custom  avia-builder-el-10  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_three_fifth  hr-center hr-icon-no\"><span class=\"hr-inner inner-border-av-border-thin\"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1wlhzr6-8cc129343b9618e21784b665a1361b31\">\n.flex_column.av-1wlhzr6-8cc129343b9618e21784b665a1361b31{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-1wlhzr6-8cc129343b9618e21784b665a1361b31 av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-11  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_two_fifth  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  \"><p><section class=\"av_textblock_section av-kqt9tgn4-955ae44a3b12f5f76d41e08b4c147261 \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><p>Les concentrations de gaz et les taux d&rsquo;<a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;&Eacute;MISSION&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;La lib&eacute;ration de gaz volcaniques par la terre, qui s&amp;#039;&eacute;chappent dans l&amp;#039;atmosph&egrave;re.&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/glossary\/emission-fr\/\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&eacute;mission<\/a> (la vitesse &agrave; laquelle le gaz est lib&eacute;r&eacute;) sont mesur&eacute;s &agrave; l&rsquo;aide de techniques a&eacute;roport&eacute;es ou <a title=\"SURVEY BIOMONITORING AT VIRUNGA VOLCANIC PROVINCE\" href=\"http:\/\/volcanx.cluster031.hosting.ovh.net\/fr\/enquete-de-biosurveillance-dans-la-province-volcanique-des-virunga\/\">sur le sol<\/a>, aussi bien pendant les p&eacute;riodes de calme relatif que pendant les p&eacute;riodes de forte <a title=\"MONITORING\" href=\"http:\/\/volcanx.cluster031.hosting.ovh.net\/fr\/?page_id=11396\">activit&eacute; volcanique<\/a>. Les grands panaches de gaz peuvent m&ecirc;me &ecirc;tre mesur&eacute;s par des instruments mont&eacute;s sur des satellites en orbite autour de la terre.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kqta1i5b-107d1a9c40127944f7fe3b907c4f1f41\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-kqta1i5b-107d1a9c40127944f7fe3b907c4f1f41{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<\/p><div class=\"hr av-kqta1i5b-107d1a9c40127944f7fe3b907c4f1f41 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-13  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock \"><span class=\"hr-inner \"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-kqt9veiz-cf3eb5be28f077977a289542a28beb7c \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><h3>Des mesures directes sur le terrain doivent &ecirc;tre effectu&eacute;es quotidiennement<\/h3>\n<p>Une m&eacute;thode d&rsquo;&eacute;chantillonnage des gaz volcaniques consiste &agrave; les collecter directement dans les fumerolles dans des flacons sous vide ou des bouteilles remplies de solutions, puis &agrave; analyser les m&eacute;langes en laboratoire. <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;CE&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Abr&eacute;viation de &amp;quot;l&amp;#039;&egrave;re commune&amp;quot; ou &amp;quot;l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle&amp;quot;. CE se r&eacute;f&egrave;re &agrave; l&amp;#039;ann&eacute;e &eacute;coul&eacute;e depuis le d&eacute;but de l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle dans le calendrier julien ou gr&eacute;gorien, par exemple l&amp;#039;ann&eacute;e civile. L&amp;#039;&egrave;re pr&eacute;c&eacute;dente est appel&eacute;e &amp;quot;Avant l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle&amp;quot; ou BCE.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/glossary\/ce-fr\/\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>Ce<\/a> type d'&nbsp;&raquo;&eacute;chantillonnage direct&nbsp;&raquo; des gaz des fumerolles est actuellement le seul moyen de caract&eacute;riser compl&egrave;tement la composition des gaz lib&eacute;r&eacute;s par les volcans et de recueillir les donn&eacute;es isotopiques n&eacute;cessaires pour d&eacute;terminer l&rsquo;origine de certains gaz. <strong>Cela nous permet d&rsquo;avoir une compr&eacute;hension compl&egrave;te de l&rsquo;&eacute;tat du volcan et de son &eacute;volution.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-2ku2vya-9e0955ca4cd05529245b4d0521926470\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-2ku2vya-9e0955ca4cd05529245b4d0521926470{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hr av-2ku2vya-9e0955ca4cd05529245b4d0521926470 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-15  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last \"><span class=\"hr-inner \"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1iz7j36-2c9786a9f3f90bd1396461500bfb925f\">\n.flex_column.av-1iz7j36-2c9786a9f3f90bd1396461500bfb925f{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-1iz7j36-2c9786a9f3f90bd1396461500bfb925f av_two_fifth  avia-builder-el-16  el_after_av_three_fifth  el_before_av_three_fifth  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  \"><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kqtcpnnn-7aedba91ad1a297cb372ebae1c19d47b\">\n.avia-image-container.av-kqtcpnnn-7aedba91ad1a297cb372ebae1c19d47b img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-kqtcpnnn-7aedba91ad1a297cb372ebae1c19d47b .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<\/p><div class=\"avia-image-container av-kqtcpnnn-7aedba91ad1a297cb372ebae1c19d47b av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-17  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first \" itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class=\"wp-image-11694 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-11694 avia_image \" src=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/gas-collection-bubbling-soucrce-pelican-creek-yellowstone.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"gas-collection-bubbling-soucrce-pelican-creek-yellowstone\" height=\"855\" width=\"1140\" itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/gas-collection-bubbling-soucrce-pelican-creek-yellowstone.jpg 1140w, https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/gas-collection-bubbling-soucrce-pelican-creek-yellowstone-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/gas-collection-bubbling-soucrce-pelican-creek-yellowstone-1030x773.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/gas-collection-bubbling-soucrce-pelican-creek-yellowstone-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/gas-collection-bubbling-soucrce-pelican-creek-yellowstone-705x529.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1140px) 100vw, 1140px\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kqtcpuh7-d8db4528b4900c045b62972c54904769\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kqtcpuh7-d8db4528b4900c045b62972c54904769 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:14px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-kqtcpuh7-d8db4528b4900c045b62972c54904769 \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><p><em>Collecte de gaz &agrave; partir d&rsquo;une source bouillonnante au sein de Pelican Creek, Yellowstone. Entonnoir invers&eacute; plac&eacute; sur la source de gaz, le gaz voyage &agrave; travers le tube dans un flacon en verre sous vide\/&agrave; vide pour &ecirc;tre analys&eacute; en laboratoire.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-14hay76-b9bade6c53b94b7d00ae79f4a86820fd\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-14hay76-b9bade6c53b94b7d00ae79f4a86820fd{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hr av-14hay76-b9bade6c53b94b7d00ae79f4a86820fd hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-19  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last \"><span class=\"hr-inner \"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-18lbb6q-87550747df59579e54d808ac2931e107\">\n.flex_column.av-18lbb6q-87550747df59579e54d808ac2931e107{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-18lbb6q-87550747df59579e54d808ac2931e107 av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-20  el_after_av_two_fifth  el_before_av_two_fifth  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  \"><section class=\"av_textblock_section av-kqt9z1b9-389b3e69770b082a11c97d316db01c39 \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><h3>Des dizaines de mesures sont g&eacute;n&eacute;ralement n&eacute;cessaires pour cartographier les zones &agrave; forte concentration de gaz.<\/h3>\n<p>Les instruments MultiGAS peuvent &eacute;galement &ecirc;tre utilis&eacute;s pour l&rsquo;&eacute;chantillonnage direct et surveiller efficacement plusieurs gaz &agrave; la fois. Utilisant une combinaison de capteurs optiques et &eacute;lectrochimiques, ces ensembles d&rsquo;instruments peuvent mesurer <a title=\"TYPES DE GAZ\" href=\"http:\/\/volcanx.cluster031.hosting.ovh.net\/es\/?page_id=11665\"><strong>CO2, SO2<\/strong><\/a> et <strong>H2S<\/strong> concentrations ainsi que des param&egrave;tres environnementaux tels que la temp&eacute;rature et la pression. Ils sont g&eacute;n&eacute;ralement transport&eacute;s vers les fumerolles ou les &eacute;vents de d&eacute;gazage pendant les campagnes de mesure, ou m&ecirc;me install&eacute;s de fa&ccedil;on permanente &agrave; des endroits situ&eacute;s sous le vent de ces &eacute;vents. Au lieu de collecter les gaz pour les analyser ult&eacute;rieurement, les donn&eacute;es recueillies peuvent &ecirc;tre transmises par radio &agrave; un observatoire volcanique, <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;CE&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Abr&eacute;viation de &amp;quot;l&amp;#039;&egrave;re commune&amp;quot; ou &amp;quot;l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle&amp;quot;. CE se r&eacute;f&egrave;re &agrave; l&amp;#039;ann&eacute;e &eacute;coul&eacute;e depuis le d&eacute;but de l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle dans le calendrier julien ou gr&eacute;gorien, par exemple l&amp;#039;ann&eacute;e civile. L&amp;#039;&egrave;re pr&eacute;c&eacute;dente est appel&eacute;e &amp;quot;Avant l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle&amp;quot; ou BCE.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/glossary\/ce-fr\/\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>ce<\/a> qui permet d&rsquo;enregistrer minute par minute les changements de concentration des gaz.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-213fwaq-7ffc4a4a8a1d4a8168130f924a26c8da\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-213fwaq-7ffc4a4a8a1d4a8168130f924a26c8da{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hr av-213fwaq-7ffc4a4a8a1d4a8168130f924a26c8da hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-22  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock \"><span class=\"hr-inner \"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-kqt9zvyp-c31a90270b83034fe589f94d2ae85016 \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><h3>Les taux d&rsquo;&eacute;mission de certains gaz peuvent &ecirc;tre mesur&eacute;s &agrave; distance<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;&eacute;chantillonnage direct des gaz permet de mesurer la quantit&eacute; relative de gaz (concentration), mais il ne fournit pas d&rsquo;informations sur les taux d&rsquo;<a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;&Eacute;MISSION&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;La lib&eacute;ration de gaz volcaniques par la terre, qui s&amp;#039;&eacute;chappent dans l&amp;#039;atmosph&egrave;re.&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/glossary\/emission-fr\/\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">&eacute;mission<\/a> &ndash; c&rsquo;est l&agrave; que les techniques de t&eacute;l&eacute;d&eacute;tection excellent. Un spectrom&egrave;tre COSPEC ou <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;DOAS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Les instruments DOAS mesurent les taux d&amp;#039;&eacute;mission de dioxyde de soufre en d&eacute;tectant la quantit&eacute; de lumi&egrave;re solaire ultraviolette absorb&eacute;e par les mol&eacute;cules de SO&amp;amp;lt;sub&amp;amp;gt;2&amp;amp;lt;\/sub&amp;amp;gt; dans un panache volcanique.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/glossary\/doas-fr\/\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>DOAS<\/a> mesure la quantit&eacute; de dioxyde de soufre &eacute;mise dans l&rsquo;atmosph&egrave;re chaque seconde, heure ou jour. Les instruments <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;DOAS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Les instruments DOAS mesurent les taux d&amp;#039;&eacute;mission de dioxyde de soufre en d&eacute;tectant la quantit&eacute; de lumi&egrave;re solaire ultraviolette absorb&eacute;e par les mol&eacute;cules de SO&amp;amp;lt;sub&amp;amp;gt;2&amp;amp;lt;\/sub&amp;amp;gt; dans un panache volcanique.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/glossary\/doas-fr\/\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>DOAS<\/a> fix&eacute;s aux satellites peuvent &ecirc;tre utilis&eacute;s pour d&eacute;tecter de tr&egrave;s grands panaches de SO2.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-jjdr3c-895e858733bbe3959fbaaf1ba327aa57\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-jjdr3c-895e858733bbe3959fbaaf1ba327aa57{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hr av-jjdr3c-895e858733bbe3959fbaaf1ba327aa57 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-24  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last \"><span class=\"hr-inner \"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-jj5682-678197d27f776c3f98b140a2da919f02\">\n.flex_column.av-jj5682-678197d27f776c3f98b140a2da919f02{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-jj5682-678197d27f776c3f98b140a2da919f02 av_two_fifth  avia-builder-el-25  el_after_av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-last  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  \"><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kqtct05s-b916f1f064f078d56327d410ef45374f\">\n.avia-image-container.av-kqtct05s-b916f1f064f078d56327d410ef45374f img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-kqtct05s-b916f1f064f078d56327d410ef45374f .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<\/p><div class=\"avia-image-container av-kqtct05s-b916f1f064f078d56327d410ef45374f av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-26  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first \" itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class=\"wp-image-11697 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-11697 avia_image \" src=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/multigas-monitoring-instrument-mount-st-helens.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"multigas-monitoring-instrument-mount-st-helens\" height=\"855\" width=\"1140\" itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/multigas-monitoring-instrument-mount-st-helens.jpg 1140w, https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/multigas-monitoring-instrument-mount-st-helens-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/multigas-monitoring-instrument-mount-st-helens-1030x773.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/multigas-monitoring-instrument-mount-st-helens-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/multigas-monitoring-instrument-mount-st-helens-705x529.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1140px) 100vw, 1140px\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kqtcts5h-57c1b66f9f33e5409181efa0a1e49220\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kqtcts5h-57c1b66f9f33e5409181efa0a1e49220 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:14px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-kqtcts5h-57c1b66f9f33e5409181efa0a1e49220 \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><p><em>Instrument de surveillance MultiGAS install&eacute; sur le <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;D&Ocirc;ME&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Masse de lave visqueuse, souvent en forme de bloc, extrud&eacute;e d&amp;#039;un &eacute;vent.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/glossary\/dome-fr\/\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>d&ocirc;me<\/a> du crat&egrave;re du Mont St Helens. Le brouillard de gaz &agrave; gauche de l&rsquo;enceinte voyage dans le capteur rond\/noir (en bas de la bo&icirc;te grise) et est analys&eacute; en interne. <\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-mpxjnm-05fe96d43e6bb4872a43f0a4da0324e7\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-mpxjnm-05fe96d43e6bb4872a43f0a4da0324e7{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hr av-mpxjnm-05fe96d43e6bb4872a43f0a4da0324e7 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-28  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_image \"><span class=\"hr-inner \"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br>\n<br>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kqtd4eq5-8230bd2338f4e8701330dd1be29564ec\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kqtd4eq5-8230bd2338f4e8701330dd1be29564ec .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:14px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-kqtd4eq5-8230bd2338f4e8701330dd1be29564ec \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><p><em>Un g&eacute;ologue de l&rsquo;USGS utilise un spectrom&egrave;tre UV pour d&eacute;tecter les gaz de la fumerole &agrave; Crater Rock, Mont Hood. <\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ptmgqq-9afde2fd95e777e2efc6ca42e532eeea\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-ptmgqq-9afde2fd95e777e2efc6ca42e532eeea{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hr av-ptmgqq-9afde2fd95e777e2efc6ca42e532eeea hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-31  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last \"><span class=\"hr-inner \"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gas analysis is key to understanding the evolution of a volcano.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":11142,"parent":11655,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11690","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11690","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11690"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11690\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11655"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11142"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11690"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}