{"id":11623,"date":"2021-07-14T12:36:21","date_gmt":"2021-07-14T10:36:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/volcanx.cluster031.hosting.ovh.net\/?page_id=11623"},"modified":"2021-07-15T11:18:01","modified_gmt":"2021-07-15T09:18:01","slug":"tilt-strain","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/renforcer-la-connaissance-des-risques\/monitoring\/deformation\/tilt-strain\/","title":{"rendered":"TILT\/STRAIN"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"av_section_1\" class=\"avia-section av-av_section-a3505495476c97acb77226663f388d50 main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_section  avia-builder-el-first  avia-full-stretch av-parallax-section avia-bg-style-parallax av-minimum-height av-minimum-height-25 av-height-25  container_wrap fullsize\" data-section-bg-repeat=\"stretch\" data-av_minimum_height_pc=\"25\" data-av_min_height_opt=\"25\"><div class=\"av-parallax\" data-avia-parallax-ratio=\"0.3\"><div class=\"av-parallax-inner main_color avia-full-stretch\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"container av-section-cont-open\"><main role=\"main\" itemprop=\"mainContentOfPage\" class=\"template-page content  av-content-full alpha units\"><div class=\"post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-11623\"><div class=\"entry-content-wrapper clearfix\">\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_one_fifth-25347b0a799d5b9f7058434b2a9c3182\">\n.flex_column.av-av_one_fifth-25347b0a799d5b9f7058434b2a9c3182{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-av_one_fifth-25347b0a799d5b9f7058434b2a9c3182 av_one_fifth  avia-builder-el-1  el_before_av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  \"><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_three_fifth-f7c1061df29de8cca6b42fcf455fe4a0\">\n.flex_column.av-av_three_fifth-f7c1061df29de8cca6b42fcf455fe4a0{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-av_three_fifth-f7c1061df29de8cca6b42fcf455fe4a0 av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_one_fifth  el_before_av_one_fifth  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  \"><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_textblock-8d09e837ca2380e6bdc85d849f6641d9\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-av_textblock-8d09e837ca2380e6bdc85d849f6641d9 .avia_textblock{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-8d09e837ca2380e6bdc85d849f6641d9 \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock av_inherit_color\" itemprop=\"text\"><div class=\"h2-cinta-programas\">\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 2.5em;\">RENFORCER LA CONNAISSANCE DES RISQUES<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section><br>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-820f97e5aca1e77a0a12cd8a6430c9f2 \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><p class=\"p-cinta-programas\" style=\"text-align: center; background: #f5312a !important;\">POURQUOI LA FONDATION EST N&Eacute;E ?<span class=\"flecha-donativo\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> &gt;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_one_fifth-f7c1061df29de8cca6b42fcf455fe4a0\">\n.flex_column.av-av_one_fifth-f7c1061df29de8cca6b42fcf455fe4a0{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-av_one_fifth-f7c1061df29de8cca6b42fcf455fe4a0 av_one_fifth  avia-builder-el-5  el_after_av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-last  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  \"><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/main><!-- close content main element --><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-k3yaxsym-b831a12c8acddceb21a18cbb360fd41d\">\n.avia-section.av-k3yaxsym-b831a12c8acddceb21a18cbb360fd41d{\nbackground-color:#000000;\nbackground-image:unset;\n}\n.avia-section.av-k3yaxsym-b831a12c8acddceb21a18cbb360fd41d .av-section-color-overlay{\nopacity:0.9;\nbackground-color:#000000;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id=\"av_section_2\" class=\"avia-section av-k3yaxsym-b831a12c8acddceb21a18cbb360fd41d main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_textblock  avia-bg-style-fixed av-section-color-overlay-active container_wrap fullsize\"><div class=\"av-section-color-overlay-wrap\"><div class=\"av-section-color-overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"container av-section-cont-open\"><div class=\"template-page content  av-content-full alpha units\"><div class=\"post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-11623\"><div class=\"entry-content-wrapper clearfix\">\n<div class=\"flex_column_table av-a5p0bb-0286912bb6bfb93801b9fa33860921b2 sc-av_one_full av-equal-height-column-flextable\">\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-a5p0bb-0286912bb6bfb93801b9fa33860921b2\">\n.flex_column.av-a5p0bb-0286912bb6bfb93801b9fa33860921b2{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-a5p0bb-0286912bb6bfb93801b9fa33860921b2 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-7  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-middle av-zero-column-padding  \"><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-joihkone-69e81b3ac324ed7c1268b0d71e700013\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-joihkone-69e81b3ac324ed7c1268b0d71e700013 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:18px;\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n\n@media only screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 989px){ \n#top .av_textblock_section.av-joihkone-69e81b3ac324ed7c1268b0d71e700013 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:16px;\n}\n}\n\n@media only screen and (min-width: 480px) and (max-width: 767px){ \n#top .av_textblock_section.av-joihkone-69e81b3ac324ed7c1268b0d71e700013 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:16px;\n}\n}\n\n@media only screen and (max-width: 479px){ \n#top .av_textblock_section.av-joihkone-69e81b3ac324ed7c1268b0d71e700013 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:16px;\n}\n}\n<\/style>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-joihkone-69e81b3ac324ed7c1268b0d71e700013 \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock av_inherit_color\" itemprop=\"text\"><blockquote>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.undrr.org\"><strong>LES DISASTERS NE SONT PAS NATURELS<\/strong><\/a>, ils sont construits socialement, par manque de pr&eacute;paration, de pr&eacute;vention, de travail d&rsquo;att&eacute;nuation, d&rsquo;&eacute;ducation et de suivi. <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;CE&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Abr&eacute;viation de &amp;quot;l&amp;#039;&egrave;re commune&amp;quot; ou &amp;quot;l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle&amp;quot;. CE se r&eacute;f&egrave;re &agrave; l&amp;#039;ann&eacute;e &eacute;coul&eacute;e depuis le d&eacute;but de l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle dans le calendrier julien ou gr&eacute;gorien, par exemple l&amp;#039;ann&eacute;e civile. L&amp;#039;&egrave;re pr&eacute;c&eacute;dente est appel&eacute;e &amp;quot;Avant l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle&amp;quot; ou BCE.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/glossary\/ce-fr\/\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>Ce<\/a> sont des risques ou des dangers naturels qui ont un impact sur les soci&eacute;t&eacute;s vuln&eacute;rables. Les connaissances aident &agrave; <strong>r&eacute;duire la vuln&eacute;rabilit&eacute; sociale<\/strong> et <strong>structurale<\/strong> afin d&rsquo;avoir des soci&eacute;t&eacute;s plus <strong>r&eacute;silientes<\/strong>!<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"after_section_2\" class=\"main_color av_default_container_wrap container_wrap fullsize\"><div class=\"container av-section-cont-open\"><div class=\"template-page content  av-content-full alpha units\"><div class=\"post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-11623\"><div class=\"entry-content-wrapper clearfix\">\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-kqt9jd5e-cd33964ef4e3b772df7fef522b816d29 \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><h2>Les inclinom&egrave;tres et les extensom&egrave;tres mesurent les changements subtils de la pente et de la forme du sol sur les volcans<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kqt9ln1w-f6affe7cdeee6be02fc225bbc4bc5689\">\n#top .hr.av-kqt9ln1w-f6affe7cdeee6be02fc225bbc4bc5689{\nmargin-top:15px;\nmargin-bottom:15px;\n}\n.hr.av-kqt9ln1w-f6affe7cdeee6be02fc225bbc4bc5689 .hr-inner{\nwidth:100%;\nborder-color:#d8d8d8;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hr av-kqt9ln1w-f6affe7cdeee6be02fc225bbc4bc5689 hr-custom  avia-builder-el-10  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_three_fifth  hr-center hr-icon-no\"><span class=\"hr-inner inner-border-av-border-thin\"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-2jf8h2d-fa28ff61c7277166c8d3f20e0f367efa\">\n.flex_column.av-2jf8h2d-fa28ff61c7277166c8d3f20e0f367efa{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-2jf8h2d-fa28ff61c7277166c8d3f20e0f367efa av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-11  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_two_fifth  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  \"><p><section class=\"av_textblock_section av-2806t0l-5f936b1e54552344c33d992cca7b403a \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><p><a title=\"SURVEILLANCE\" href=\"http:\/\/volcanx.cluster031.hosting.ovh.net\/fr\/?page_id=11396\">Mesurer<\/a> l&rsquo;angle de pente ou &laquo;&nbsp;inclinaison&nbsp;&raquo; du sol et la forme ou <a title=\"D&Eacute;FORMATION\" href=\"http:\/\/volcanx.cluster031.hosting.ovh.net\/fr\/renforcer-la-connaissance-des-risques\/monitoring\/deformation\/\">&lsquo;d&eacute;formation&rsquo;<\/a> de la <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;CRO&Ucirc;TE&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;La cro&ucirc;te est la couche la plus ext&eacute;rieure majeure de la terre, allant d&amp;#039;environ 10 &agrave; 65 km d&amp;#039;&eacute;paisseur dans le monde entier. Les 15 &agrave; 35 km sup&eacute;rieurs de cro&ucirc;te sont suffisamment fragiles pour produire des tremblements de terre.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/glossary\/croute-fr\/\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>cro&ucirc;te<\/a> terrestre sont des m&eacute;thodes &eacute;prouv&eacute;es de surveillance de la <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;D&Eacute;FORMATION&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Changements &agrave; la surface d&amp;#039;un volcan qui se produisent en raison du mouvement du magma sous la surface. La plupart des d&eacute;formations volcaniques ne peuvent &ecirc;tre d&eacute;tect&eacute;es et mesur&eacute;es qu&amp;#039;&agrave; l&amp;#039;aide de techniques d&amp;#039;arpentage pr&eacute;cises telles qu&amp;#039;un syst&egrave;me de positionnement mondial (GPS), un tiltm&egrave;tre, un radar d&amp;#039;ouverture synth&eacute;tique interf&eacute;rom&eacute;trique (InSAR) ou un distancem&egrave;tre &eacute;lectronique (EDM).&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/glossary\/deformation-fr\/\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">d&eacute;formation<\/a> des volcans caus&eacute;e par le <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;MAGMA&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Roche fondue sous la surface de la Terre.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/glossary\/magma-fr\/\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>magma<\/a> en mouvement.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1tjldnp-8f24e3ef0574205f2ecba00ce59f5f64\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-1tjldnp-8f24e3ef0574205f2ecba00ce59f5f64{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<\/p><div class=\"hr av-1tjldnp-8f24e3ef0574205f2ecba00ce59f5f64 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-13  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock \"><span class=\"hr-inner \"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-12i1d9h-5f500c97c515e584c7dcf887bb743572 \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><h3>Les inclinom&egrave;tres mesurent en continu l&rsquo;inclinaison de la surface du sol.<\/h3>\n<p>Les mesures d&rsquo;inclinaison sont utilis&eacute;es pour surveiller les volcans. Lorsque le <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;MAGMA&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Roche fondue sous la surface de la Terre.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/glossary\/magma-fr\/\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>magma<\/a> s&rsquo;accumule sous le sol, provoquant le gonflement de la surface, la pente des zones adjacentes s&rsquo;incline g&eacute;n&eacute;ralement en s&rsquo;&eacute;loignant du centre du soul&egrave;vement. &Agrave; l&rsquo;inverse, si le sol se d&eacute;gonfle en raison de l&rsquo;&eacute;coulement du <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;MAGMA&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Roche fondue sous la surface de la Terre.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/glossary\/magma-fr\/\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>magma<\/a> provenant d&rsquo;un r&eacute;servoir souterrain, la pente des zones adjacentes s&rsquo;incline vers le centre de l&rsquo;affaissement.<\/p>\n<p>Comme un niveau de charpentier, un tiltm&egrave;tre &eacute;lectronique utilise un petit r&eacute;cipient rempli d&rsquo;un fluide conducteur et d&rsquo;une &laquo;&nbsp;bulle&nbsp;&raquo; pour mesurer un changement de pente. La pente est mesur&eacute;e en microradians, qui est une petite fraction de degr&eacute;.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ieu4qt-bb846da3d4dd856b0cc1f11f113361d5\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-ieu4qt-bb846da3d4dd856b0cc1f11f113361d5{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hr av-ieu4qt-bb846da3d4dd856b0cc1f11f113361d5 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-15  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock \"><span class=\"hr-inner \"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-kqt9z1b9-389b3e69770b082a11c97d316db01c39 \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><h3>Sensitive extensometers can detect ground deformations due to gravitational attractions<\/h3>\n<p>Extensometers are very sensitive <a title=\"MONITORING\" href=\"http:\/\/volcanx.cluster031.hosting.ovh.net\/fr\/?page_id=11396\">instruments<\/a> that measure extremely small deformations (changes in shape) of the Earth&rsquo;s crust. These instruments are so sensitive that they can detect loads on the Earth&rsquo;s surface due to pressure changes caused by the passage of weather fronts.<\/p>\n<p>Most installed extensometers are of two types, fluid-filled or parallel-plate, and both are buried in boreholes tens of metres below the ground surface. When earthquakes caused by moving <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;MAGMA&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Roche fondue sous la surface de la Terre.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/glossary\/magma-fr\/\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>magma<\/a> change the shape of the ground, the borehole in which the strain gauge is installed also changes shape, compressing, stretching or shearing the instrument inside. Fluid-filled models contain small reservoirs of silicone fluid and measure strain as the volume of fluid between the reservoirs changes. The parallel plate types track changes in the spaces between the parallel plates caused by tensor deformation, which are measured as extensions in 3 different horizontal directions.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-213fwaq-7ffc4a4a8a1d4a8168130f924a26c8da\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-213fwaq-7ffc4a4a8a1d4a8168130f924a26c8da{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hr av-213fwaq-7ffc4a4a8a1d4a8168130f924a26c8da hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-17  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last \"><span class=\"hr-inner \"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-jj5682-678197d27f776c3f98b140a2da919f02\">\n.flex_column.av-jj5682-678197d27f776c3f98b140a2da919f02{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-jj5682-678197d27f776c3f98b140a2da919f02 av_two_fifth  avia-builder-el-18  el_after_av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-last  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  \"><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kqtct05s-4c47c94ed2b45ac99a37260dd956a2fa\">\n.avia-image-container.av-kqtct05s-4c47c94ed2b45ac99a37260dd956a2fa img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-kqtct05s-4c47c94ed2b45ac99a37260dd956a2fa .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<\/p><div class=\"avia-image-container av-kqtct05s-4c47c94ed2b45ac99a37260dd956a2fa av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-19  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first \" itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class=\"wp-image-11625 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-11625 avia_image \" src=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/water-tube-tiltmeter-1956.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"water-tube-tiltmeter-1956\" height=\"1278\" width=\"1050\" itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/water-tube-tiltmeter-1956.jpg 1050w, https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/water-tube-tiltmeter-1956-246x300.jpg 246w, https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/water-tube-tiltmeter-1956-846x1030.jpg 846w, https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/water-tube-tiltmeter-1956-768x935.jpg 768w, https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/water-tube-tiltmeter-1956-579x705.jpg 579w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1050px) 100vw, 1050px\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kqtcts5h-57c1b66f9f33e5409181efa0a1e49220\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kqtcts5h-57c1b66f9f33e5409181efa0a1e49220 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:14px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-kqtcts5h-57c1b66f9f33e5409181efa0a1e49220 \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><p><em>&laquo;&nbsp;Pot&nbsp;&raquo; tiltm&egrave;tre &agrave; tubes d&rsquo;eau install&eacute; en 1956 dans une vo&ucirc;te souterraine pr&egrave;s du sommet du volcan K&#299;lauea. Les pots sont reli&eacute;s par des tubes et remplis d&rsquo;eau qui s&rsquo;&eacute;coule entre les pots lorsque la paroi s&rsquo;incline. <\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-mpxjnm-05fe96d43e6bb4872a43f0a4da0324e7\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-mpxjnm-05fe96d43e6bb4872a43f0a4da0324e7{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hr av-mpxjnm-05fe96d43e6bb4872a43f0a4da0324e7 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-21  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_image \"><span class=\"hr-inner \"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kqtd3ng6-7247a67c444dddca5e7ae582a20c9e58\">\n.avia-image-container.av-kqtd3ng6-7247a67c444dddca5e7ae582a20c9e58 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-kqtd3ng6-7247a67c444dddca5e7ae582a20c9e58 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"avia-image-container av-kqtd3ng6-7247a67c444dddca5e7ae582a20c9e58 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-22  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock \" itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class=\"wp-image-11628 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-11628 avia_image \" src=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/borehole-tiltmeter.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"borehole-tiltmeter\" height=\"500\" width=\"800\" itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/borehole-tiltmeter.jpg 800w, https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/borehole-tiltmeter-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/borehole-tiltmeter-768x480.jpg 768w, https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/borehole-tiltmeter-705x441.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kqtd4eq5-8230bd2338f4e8701330dd1be29564ec\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kqtd4eq5-8230bd2338f4e8701330dd1be29564ec .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:14px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-kqtd4eq5-8230bd2338f4e8701330dd1be29564ec \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><p><em>Tiltm&egrave;tre de forage descendu dans un trou de 3 m de profondeur sur la zone de rift sud-ouest de Mauna Loa, &agrave; Hawa&iuml;. <\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ptmgqq-9afde2fd95e777e2efc6ca42e532eeea\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-ptmgqq-9afde2fd95e777e2efc6ca42e532eeea{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hr av-ptmgqq-9afde2fd95e777e2efc6ca42e532eeea hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-24  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_image \"><span class=\"hr-inner \"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kqtd81f4-b8ac5b6844c6f0a54b4f2a09cfe3d7e9\">\n.avia-image-container.av-kqtd81f4-b8ac5b6844c6f0a54b4f2a09cfe3d7e9 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-kqtd81f4-b8ac5b6844c6f0a54b4f2a09cfe3d7e9 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"avia-image-container av-kqtd81f4-b8ac5b6844c6f0a54b4f2a09cfe3d7e9 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-25  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock \" itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class=\"wp-image-11631 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-11631 avia_image \" src=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/stainmeter-installation-mauna-kea-volcano-hawai.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"stainmeter-installation-mauna-kea-volcano-hawai\" height=\"800\" width=\"500\" itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/stainmeter-installation-mauna-kea-volcano-hawai.jpg 500w, https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/stainmeter-installation-mauna-kea-volcano-hawai-188x300.jpg 188w, https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/stainmeter-installation-mauna-kea-volcano-hawai-441x705.jpg 441w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kqtd8gc9-4833e6d9229fd93e89801d4388be0bdf\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kqtd8gc9-4833e6d9229fd93e89801d4388be0bdf .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:14px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-kqtd8gc9-4833e6d9229fd93e89801d4388be0bdf \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><p><em>Installation d&rsquo;un extensom&egrave;tre sur le volcan Mauna Kea &agrave; Hawaii. Apr&egrave;s la descente de la jauge de contrainte dans un trou for&eacute; &agrave; une profondeur appropri&eacute;e, ajout d&rsquo;un coulis expansif pour cimenter l&rsquo;instrument &agrave; la roche environnante. <\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-tmfvk2-bd584779ddeb6e50c8899a2b24ff69eb\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-tmfvk2-bd584779ddeb6e50c8899a2b24ff69eb{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hr av-tmfvk2-bd584779ddeb6e50c8899a2b24ff69eb hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-27  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last \"><span class=\"hr-inner \"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Extensometers are devices for measuring the displacement between two points.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":11142,"parent":11595,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11623","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11623","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11623"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11623\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11595"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11142"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11623"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}