{"id":11611,"date":"2021-07-14T12:33:10","date_gmt":"2021-07-14T10:33:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/volcanx.cluster031.hosting.ovh.net\/?page_id=11611"},"modified":"2021-09-14T10:14:24","modified_gmt":"2021-09-14T08:14:24","slug":"gps","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/renforcer-la-connaissance-des-risques\/monitoring\/deformation\/gps\/","title":{"rendered":"GPS"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"av_section_1\" class=\"avia-section av-av_section-a3505495476c97acb77226663f388d50 main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_section  avia-builder-el-first  avia-full-stretch av-parallax-section avia-bg-style-parallax av-minimum-height av-minimum-height-25 av-height-25  container_wrap fullsize\" data-section-bg-repeat=\"stretch\" data-av_minimum_height_pc=\"25\" data-av_min_height_opt=\"25\"><div class=\"av-parallax\" data-avia-parallax-ratio=\"0.3\"><div class=\"av-parallax-inner main_color avia-full-stretch\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"container av-section-cont-open\"><main role=\"main\" itemprop=\"mainContentOfPage\" class=\"template-page content  av-content-full alpha units\"><div class=\"post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-11611\"><div class=\"entry-content-wrapper clearfix\">\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_one_fifth-25347b0a799d5b9f7058434b2a9c3182\">\n.flex_column.av-av_one_fifth-25347b0a799d5b9f7058434b2a9c3182{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-av_one_fifth-25347b0a799d5b9f7058434b2a9c3182 av_one_fifth  avia-builder-el-1  el_before_av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  \"><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_three_fifth-f7c1061df29de8cca6b42fcf455fe4a0\">\n.flex_column.av-av_three_fifth-f7c1061df29de8cca6b42fcf455fe4a0{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-av_three_fifth-f7c1061df29de8cca6b42fcf455fe4a0 av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_one_fifth  el_before_av_one_fifth  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  \"><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_textblock-8d09e837ca2380e6bdc85d849f6641d9\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-av_textblock-8d09e837ca2380e6bdc85d849f6641d9 .avia_textblock{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-8d09e837ca2380e6bdc85d849f6641d9 \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock av_inherit_color\" itemprop=\"text\"><div class=\"h2-cinta-programas\">\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 2.5em;\">RENFORCER LA CONNAISSANCE DES RISQUES<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section><br>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-820f97e5aca1e77a0a12cd8a6430c9f2 \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><p class=\"p-cinta-programas\" style=\"text-align: center; background: #f5312a !important;\">POURQUOI LA FONDATION EST N&Eacute;E ?<span class=\"flecha-donativo\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> &gt;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_one_fifth-f7c1061df29de8cca6b42fcf455fe4a0\">\n.flex_column.av-av_one_fifth-f7c1061df29de8cca6b42fcf455fe4a0{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-av_one_fifth-f7c1061df29de8cca6b42fcf455fe4a0 av_one_fifth  avia-builder-el-5  el_after_av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-last  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  \"><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/main><!-- close content main element --><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-k3yaxsym-b831a12c8acddceb21a18cbb360fd41d\">\n.avia-section.av-k3yaxsym-b831a12c8acddceb21a18cbb360fd41d{\nbackground-color:#000000;\nbackground-image:unset;\n}\n.avia-section.av-k3yaxsym-b831a12c8acddceb21a18cbb360fd41d .av-section-color-overlay{\nopacity:0.9;\nbackground-color:#000000;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id=\"av_section_2\" class=\"avia-section av-k3yaxsym-b831a12c8acddceb21a18cbb360fd41d main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_textblock  avia-bg-style-fixed av-section-color-overlay-active container_wrap fullsize\"><div class=\"av-section-color-overlay-wrap\"><div class=\"av-section-color-overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"container av-section-cont-open\"><div class=\"template-page content  av-content-full alpha units\"><div class=\"post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-11611\"><div class=\"entry-content-wrapper clearfix\">\n<div class=\"flex_column_table av-a5p0bb-0286912bb6bfb93801b9fa33860921b2 sc-av_one_full av-equal-height-column-flextable\">\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-a5p0bb-0286912bb6bfb93801b9fa33860921b2\">\n.flex_column.av-a5p0bb-0286912bb6bfb93801b9fa33860921b2{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-a5p0bb-0286912bb6bfb93801b9fa33860921b2 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-7  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-middle av-zero-column-padding  \"><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-joihkone-69e81b3ac324ed7c1268b0d71e700013\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-joihkone-69e81b3ac324ed7c1268b0d71e700013 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:18px;\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n\n@media only screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 989px){ \n#top .av_textblock_section.av-joihkone-69e81b3ac324ed7c1268b0d71e700013 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:16px;\n}\n}\n\n@media only screen and (min-width: 480px) and (max-width: 767px){ \n#top .av_textblock_section.av-joihkone-69e81b3ac324ed7c1268b0d71e700013 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:16px;\n}\n}\n\n@media only screen and (max-width: 479px){ \n#top .av_textblock_section.av-joihkone-69e81b3ac324ed7c1268b0d71e700013 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:16px;\n}\n}\n<\/style>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-joihkone-69e81b3ac324ed7c1268b0d71e700013 \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock av_inherit_color\" itemprop=\"text\"><blockquote>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.undrr.org\">Les DISASTERS NE SONT PAS NATURELS<\/a>, ils sont socialement construits, par manque de pr&eacute;paration, de pr&eacute;vention, de travail d&rsquo;att&eacute;nuation, d&rsquo;&eacute;ducation et de suivi. <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;CE&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Abr&eacute;viation de &amp;quot;l&amp;#039;&egrave;re commune&amp;quot; ou &amp;quot;l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle&amp;quot;. CE se r&eacute;f&egrave;re &agrave; l&amp;#039;ann&eacute;e &eacute;coul&eacute;e depuis le d&eacute;but de l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle dans le calendrier julien ou gr&eacute;gorien, par exemple l&amp;#039;ann&eacute;e civile. L&amp;#039;&egrave;re pr&eacute;c&eacute;dente est appel&eacute;e &amp;quot;Avant l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle&amp;quot; ou BCE.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/glossary\/ce-fr\/\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>Ce<\/a> sont des risques ou des dangers naturels qui ont un impact sur les soci&eacute;t&eacute;s vuln&eacute;rables. Les connaissances aident &agrave; r&eacute;duire la vuln&eacute;rabilit&eacute; sociale et structurelle afin d&rsquo;avoir des <strong>soci&eacute;t&eacute;s plus r&eacute;silientes!<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 --><\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"after_section_2\" class=\"main_color av_default_container_wrap container_wrap fullsize\"><div class=\"container av-section-cont-open\"><div class=\"template-page content  av-content-full alpha units\"><div class=\"post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-11611\"><div class=\"entry-content-wrapper clearfix\"><section class=\"av_textblock_section av-kqt9jd5e-cd33964ef4e3b772df7fef522b816d29 \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><h2>Des r&eacute;seaux de r&eacute;cepteurs GPS suivent les mouvements du sol sur les volcans<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kqt9ln1w-f6affe7cdeee6be02fc225bbc4bc5689\">\n#top .hr.av-kqt9ln1w-f6affe7cdeee6be02fc225bbc4bc5689{\nmargin-top:15px;\nmargin-bottom:15px;\n}\n.hr.av-kqt9ln1w-f6affe7cdeee6be02fc225bbc4bc5689 .hr-inner{\nwidth:100%;\nborder-color:#d8d8d8;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hr av-kqt9ln1w-f6affe7cdeee6be02fc225bbc4bc5689 hr-custom  avia-builder-el-10  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_three_fifth  hr-center hr-icon-no\"><span class=\"hr-inner inner-border-av-border-thin\"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1wlhzr6-8cc129343b9618e21784b665a1361b31\">\n.flex_column.av-1wlhzr6-8cc129343b9618e21784b665a1361b31{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-1wlhzr6-8cc129343b9618e21784b665a1361b31 av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-11  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_two_fifth  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  \"><p><section class=\"av_textblock_section av-kqt9tgn4-955ae44a3b12f5f76d41e08b4c147261 \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><p>Le <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\">Syst&egrave;me de positionnement global<\/a> (GPS) consiste en un <a href=\"http:\/\/www.google.com\/intl\/earth\/\">groupe de satellites<\/a> en orbite autour de la Terre qui transmettent en permanence des informations &agrave; des r&eacute;cepteurs au sol. Gr&acirc;ce &agrave; ces donn&eacute;es, il est possible de calculer la position exacte du r&eacute;cepteur sur la Terre &agrave; un moment donn&eacute;.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kqta1i5b-a345f9d882c51d4089993cf6d16e9b60\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-kqta1i5b-a345f9d882c51d4089993cf6d16e9b60{\nheight:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<\/p><div class=\"hr av-kqta1i5b-a345f9d882c51d4089993cf6d16e9b60 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-13  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock \"><span class=\"hr-inner \"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-kqtdsfvd-d152eb0e3d3e094fcc403a1e69a26b44 \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><p>Pour utiliser les donn&eacute;es GPS pour <a title=\"MONITORING\" href=\"http:\/\/volcanx.cluster031.hosting.ovh.net\/es\/creando-conocimiento-de-los-riesgos\/monitoring\/\"><strong>la surveillance des volcans<\/strong><\/a>, plusieurs r&eacute;cepteurs sont plac&eacute;s autour d&rsquo;un volcan sous forme de r&eacute;seau GPS. &Agrave; certains endroits, des instruments sont install&eacute;s en permanence et enregistrent des donn&eacute;es en continu. Cependant, il arrive que les scientifiques mettent en place un r&eacute;seau GPS de &laquo;&nbsp;campagne&nbsp;&raquo; au-dessus de &laquo;&nbsp;rep&egrave;res&nbsp;&raquo; (sites avec un point de r&eacute;f&eacute;rence standard) o&ugrave; ils sont laiss&eacute;s pendant plusieurs jours pour enregistrer des donn&eacute;es. Les donn&eacute;es de type campagne sont souvent enregistr&eacute;es &agrave; partir des m&ecirc;mes sites de r&eacute;f&eacute;rence chaque ann&eacute;e ou selon les besoins pour <strong>d&eacute;tecter les changements<\/strong> dans le comportement des volcans.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1be8acw-edad6df5b24231d2c407a1b98d1fe3f4\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-1be8acw-edad6df5b24231d2c407a1b98d1fe3f4{\nheight:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hr av-1be8acw-edad6df5b24231d2c407a1b98d1fe3f4 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-15  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock \"><span class=\"hr-inner \"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-kqtf7ier-c7002dd7dd254879c7050850eb5b3125 \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><p>En examinant les donn&eacute;es d&rsquo;un seul r&eacute;cepteur sur une p&eacute;riode donn&eacute;e, les scientifiques peuvent d&eacute;terminer si <a title=\"DEFORMATION\" href=\"http:\/\/volcanx.cluster031.hosting.ovh.net\/fr\/renforcer-la-connaissance-des-risques\/monitoring\/deformation\/\"><strong>la surface du sol s&rsquo;est d&eacute;form&eacute;e<\/strong><\/a>. En combinant les donn&eacute;es collect&eacute;es par un r&eacute;seau GPS, il est possible d&rsquo;obtenir une vue plus large des zones de la surface du volcan qui bougent ainsi que de la vitesse et de la direction du mouvement. Cette image &agrave; grande &eacute;chelle du volcan <span class=\"glossary-term\" title=\"\" data-original-title=\"Les changements &agrave; la surface d'un volcan qui se produisent en raison du mouvement du magma sous la surface. La plupart des d&eacute;formations volcaniques ne peuvent &ecirc;tre d&eacute;tect&eacute;es et mesur&eacute;es qu'&agrave; l'aide de techniques d'arpentage pr&eacute;cises, comme le syst&egrave;me de positionnement global (GPS), le tiltm&egrave;tre, le radar interf&eacute;rom&eacute;trique &agrave; synth&egrave;se d'ouverture (InSAR) ou le t&eacute;l&eacute;m&egrave;tre &eacute;lectronique (EDM). \"><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;D&Eacute;FORMATION&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Changements &agrave; la surface d&amp;#039;un volcan qui se produisent en raison du mouvement du magma sous la surface. La plupart des d&eacute;formations volcaniques ne peuvent &ecirc;tre d&eacute;tect&eacute;es et mesur&eacute;es qu&amp;#039;&agrave; l&amp;#039;aide de techniques d&amp;#039;arpentage pr&eacute;cises telles qu&amp;#039;un syst&egrave;me de positionnement mondial (GPS), un tiltm&egrave;tre, un radar d&amp;#039;ouverture synth&eacute;tique interf&eacute;rom&eacute;trique (InSAR) ou un distancem&egrave;tre &eacute;lectronique (EDM).&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/glossary\/deformation-fr\/\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">d&eacute;formation<\/a><\/span> peut &ecirc;tre utilis&eacute;e pour construire un mod&egrave;le de <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;CE&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Abr&eacute;viation de &amp;quot;l&amp;#039;&egrave;re commune&amp;quot; ou &amp;quot;l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle&amp;quot;. CE se r&eacute;f&egrave;re &agrave; l&amp;#039;ann&eacute;e &eacute;coul&eacute;e depuis le d&eacute;but de l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle dans le calendrier julien ou gr&eacute;gorien, par exemple l&amp;#039;ann&eacute;e civile. L&amp;#039;&egrave;re pr&eacute;c&eacute;dente est appel&eacute;e &amp;quot;Avant l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle&amp;quot; ou BCE.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/glossary\/ce-fr\/\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>ce<\/a> qui se passe sous la surface, par exemple, l&rsquo;emplacement de tout <span class=\"glossary-term\" title=\"\" data-original-title=\"Roche fondue sous la surface de la Terre.\">r&eacute;servoirs de <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;MAGMA&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Roche fondue sous la surface de la Terre.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/glossary\/magma-fr\/\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>magma<\/a><\/span> ou de failles actives.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1bd5pi1-6708f83bd4ae2e71c09a8094f941e699\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-1bd5pi1-6708f83bd4ae2e71c09a8094f941e699{\nheight:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hr av-1bd5pi1-6708f83bd4ae2e71c09a8094f941e699 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-17  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock \"><span class=\"hr-inner \"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-kqtf7vxj-69ffae35db218e828cee8b13089dcc3c \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><h3>Les donn&eacute;es GPS sont tr&egrave;s pr&eacute;cises<\/h3>\n<p>Les r&eacute;seaux de capteurs GPS peuvent suivre les mouvements tridimensionnels de la surface du sol. Les syst&egrave;mes sont peu co&ucirc;teux et permettent une &eacute;tude tr&egrave;s pr&eacute;cise.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-j0mlh5-55b6f31fd9abd94e66cec100ca005c1e\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-j0mlh5-55b6f31fd9abd94e66cec100ca005c1e{\nheight:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hr av-j0mlh5-55b6f31fd9abd94e66cec100ca005c1e hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-19  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock \"><span class=\"hr-inner \"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-kqtfb24z-9a5e134e1ec2ee1d0aa12b6339c6e149 \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><p>Le GPS est le nom du syst&egrave;me de navigation par satellite des &Eacute;tats-Unis. D&rsquo;autres pays ont lanc&eacute; leurs propres syst&egrave;mes de navigation par satellite, notamment GLONASS (par la Russie) et Galileo (par l&rsquo;Europe), mais tous suivent les m&ecirc;mes principes de base que le GPS. Nous d&eacute;signons ces syst&egrave;mes par le terme GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System). Les r&eacute;cepteurs modernes peuvent enregistrer les donn&eacute;es de plusieurs types de satellites GNSS, <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;CE&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Abr&eacute;viation de &amp;quot;l&amp;#039;&egrave;re commune&amp;quot; ou &amp;quot;l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle&amp;quot;. CE se r&eacute;f&egrave;re &agrave; l&amp;#039;ann&eacute;e &eacute;coul&eacute;e depuis le d&eacute;but de l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle dans le calendrier julien ou gr&eacute;gorien, par exemple l&amp;#039;ann&eacute;e civile. L&amp;#039;&egrave;re pr&eacute;c&eacute;dente est appel&eacute;e &amp;quot;Avant l&amp;#039;&egrave;re actuelle&amp;quot; ou BCE.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/glossary\/ce-fr\/\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>ce<\/a> qui augmente la pr&eacute;cision globale des positions calcul&eacute;es.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1iz7j36-2c9786a9f3f90bd1396461500bfb925f\">\n.flex_column.av-1iz7j36-2c9786a9f3f90bd1396461500bfb925f{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"flex_column av-1iz7j36-2c9786a9f3f90bd1396461500bfb925f av_two_fifth  avia-builder-el-21  el_after_av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-last  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  \"><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kqtcpnnn-1041ebbea9f001c00c93ef9212a25c14\">\n.avia-image-container.av-kqtcpnnn-1041ebbea9f001c00c93ef9212a25c14 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-kqtcpnnn-1041ebbea9f001c00c93ef9212a25c14 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<\/p><div class=\"avia-image-container av-kqtcpnnn-1041ebbea9f001c00c93ef9212a25c14 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-22  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first \" itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class=\"wp-image-11614 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-11614 avia_image \" src=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/global-positioning-system-receiver.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"global-positioning-system-receiver\" height=\"1703\" width=\"1140\" itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/global-positioning-system-receiver.jpg 1140w, https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/global-positioning-system-receiver-201x300.jpg 201w, https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/global-positioning-system-receiver-689x1030.jpg 689w, https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/global-positioning-system-receiver-768x1147.jpg 768w, https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/global-positioning-system-receiver-1028x1536.jpg 1028w, https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/global-positioning-system-receiver-1004x1500.jpg 1004w, https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/global-positioning-system-receiver-472x705.jpg 472w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1140px) 100vw, 1140px\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kqtcpuh7-d8db4528b4900c045b62972c54904769\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kqtcpuh7-d8db4528b4900c045b62972c54904769 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:14px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section av-kqtcpuh7-d8db4528b4900c045b62972c54904769 \" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"><div class=\"avia_textblock\" itemprop=\"text\"><p><em>R&eacute;cepteur du syst&egrave;me mondial de localisation (appel&eacute; monument GPS) &agrave; la station North Rim, un site de surveillance du volcan Newberry, dans l&rsquo;Oregon.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-q980xc-50f7dd054b06f60518f9b118b6077c50\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-q980xc-50f7dd054b06f60518f9b118b6077c50{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hr av-q980xc-50f7dd054b06f60518f9b118b6077c50 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-24  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last \"><span class=\"hr-inner \"><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":11142,"parent":11595,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11611","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11611","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11611"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11611\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11595"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11142"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/volcanofoundation.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11611"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}